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201.
Denmark’s Agricultural Institutions: An Instrumental Evaluation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Andrew Larkin 《Journal of economic issues》2013,47(4):1123-1141
This paper begins with a tax and a specially organized commission proposed by John R. Commons. Commons made his proposal because high tariffs were not benefiting workers. The paper contends that his proposal also applies to a current problem - the failure of trade agreements to improve working conditions. The paper bases its argument on data, standard economic reasoning, and Commons’ approach in “constructive research” to wage transactions, public purpose, limiting factors, and power imbalances.The paper argues that Commons’ proposal could improve the evolution of American labor law and that it could ameliorate power imbalances created by laws that give corporations and trade associations a bargaining advantage over nations and organizations such as the International Labor Organization (ILO). It concludes that economic discourse could benefit from consideration of the belief behind Commons’ proposal - that costs of production passed on to consumers should include the cost of good working conditions. 相似文献
202.
More than 120 municipalities (cities, towns, and counties) have introduced living wage ordinances. These laws mandate that certain employers in their jurisdiction pay their workers wages that are above federal and state minimum levels. The opponents of these laws argue that these ordinances have adverse impacts on local labor markets. This study considers rates of growth of employment and unemployment trends in a sample of these cities before and after they introduced their living wage ordinances. It finds that while a few cities have had negative labor market experiences after introducing their living wage law these cities represent the exception rather than the rule. 相似文献
203.
Morris Altman 《Forum for Social Economics》2013,42(2-3):166-186
Conventional economic wisdom views a Living Wage as costly in term of economic efficiency and competitiveness. I argue, based on x-efficiency theory, that higher wages need not cause any economic harm and can, on the contrary, generate higher levels of material wellbeing. Higher wages can be expected to induce x-efficiency and technological change cost offsets. In this context, an effective living wage, one that is above some subsistence minimum, can have a net efficiency effect on the economy. Therefore, a living wage greater than the wage rate generated by the free market cannot be predicted to generate economic harm. With the institutional parameters in place to realize a living wage, the economic pie can be expected to grow to accommodate the living wage. 相似文献
204.
《Journal of Economic Policy Reform》2013,16(3):163-176
Abstract A Solow type two‐sector growth model is used to examine several issues related to growth and unemployment in a minimum wage economy. By simulating the model, we demonstrate that given the same percentage increase in wage rate, an economy with a higher capital–labor ratio is more likely to decay. More importantly, a tariff policy reduces the unemployment periods by 92% provided that the current capital–labor ratio is one‐sixth of that of the steady state capital–labor ratio. We assume that the first best policy of uniform wage subsidy is not politically feasible. 相似文献
205.
Jang Ping Thia 《The journal of international trade & economic development》2013,22(4):535-568
This article presents an economic geography model with two differentiated sectors that exhibit weaker inter and stronger intra-industry input-output linkages. Labour is also differentiated according to skills in a hierarchy of tasks they can perform. Globalisation occurs in two distinct phases, leading to the agglomeration of an industry (manufacturing) in the first wave, which is subsequently displaced by the other industry (services) when the second wave of globalisation takes place. Because of agglomeration effects, the increase in relative endowment of a factor may increase its relative wages, leading to more inequality. Within and between nations inequality can result. 相似文献
206.
This paper considers the factors responsible for differences with age in estimates of the wage compensation an individual
requires to accept increased occupational fatality risk. We derive a relationship between the value of a statistical life
(VSL) and the degree of complementarity between consumption and labor supplied when health status serves as a potential source
of variation in this relationship. Our empirical analysis finds that variations in an individual’s health status or quality
of life and anticipated longevity threats lead to significant differences in the estimated wage/risk tradeoffs. We describe
how extensions to the specification of hedonic wage models, including measures for quality of life and anticipated longevity
threats, help to explain the diversity in past studies examining how the estimated wage–risk tradeoff changes with age.
相似文献
207.
Gender wage gap studies: consistency and decomposition 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Astrid Kunze 《Empirical Economics》2008,35(1):63-76
This paper reviews the empirical literature on the gender wage gap, with particular attention given to the identification
of the key parameters in human capital wage regression models. This is of great importance in the literature for two main
reasons. First, the main explanatory variables in the wage model, i.e., measures of work experience and time-out-of-work,
are endogenous. As a result, applying traditional estimators may lead to inconsistent parameter estimates. Second, empirical
evidence on the gender wage gap hinges on estimates of the parameters of interest. Accordingly, their economic meaning may
be limited by restrictive assumptions included in wage models. This challenges both researchers and policymakers who require
precise measures of the gender wage gap in order to create and enforce efficient equality policies.
This paper is a substantially revised version of the first chapter of my thesis. I am grateful to Christian Dustmann and Wendy
Carlin for their great support and comments. I also thank Bernd Fitzenberger, colleagues at the Norwegian School of Economics
and Business Administration and IZA, and three anonymous referees for their helpful comments and suggestions. 相似文献
208.
In this article, we analyze the political choice of the extent and means of income redistribution between high and low-skilled
workers. Redistributive tools encompass both fiscal transfers (a negative income tax) and a minimum wage requirement. We assume
the use of fiscal instruments alone to be the first-best means of redistribution. We show that high-skilled workers may favor
a second-best, minimum wage requirement because it increases unemployment, hence raising the marginal cost of redistribution,
and creates a justification for them to moderate low-skilled workers’ claim for redistribution.
相似文献
209.
任必杰 《Frontiers of Economics in China》2008,3(4):598-626
The main research of this paper is the regional effects of marginal wage subsidies. Some regional economic issues are discussed
such as production scales, operating profits, industry distribution, and expenditure distribution across the rich and poor
regions. It is proven that, marginal wage subsidies improve the employment and raise the industrial share of the poor region,
but meanwhile the expenditure share in the rich region increases for marginal wage subsidies. It is also showed that, the
relationship between the effectiveness of marginal wage subsidies and the level of openness to trade is ambiguous when the
wage level is very high, however, if the wage level is low enough thus marginal wage subsidies can cause relatively large
employment increase, marginal wage subsidies cooperating with freer trade policy would be more effective.
相似文献
210.
当前工资性收入的不断快速增长成为农民收入增长的一个重要渠道。农民工资性收入增长同时受到劳动力素质的制约,存在就业困难的现象,所以工资性收入的水平也就较低,并且增长的速度也较为缓慢等。怎样可以增加农民工资性的收入问题,就要优化调整农村整体的经济结构,促进发展农民的密集型产业,分配好剩余价值以及调整与工资之间的关系,从而提高农民的工资收入,此外,还应逐步的加强完善和改革农民的就业制度以及农民的文化教育等方面,为就业创造出更多的条件。 相似文献