How High is the Private Gain from Wage Indexation?

The effects of firm‐specific shocks on the gain from writing state‐contingent wage contracts are examine in an extension of the model in Gottfries (1992) . It is shown that the introduction of firm‐specific uncertainty increases the gain from indexation to prices only moderately. Moreover, nominal wage contracts should be more prevalent when unemployment benefits are high or unemployment spells are short.     

地勘单位应建立与市场接轨的薪酬分配制度

文章就地勘单位现行薪酬分配制度中存在的诸如沿用事业单位模式 ,没有系统的绩效管理制度 ,一定程度上的平均主义 ,难以适应市场经济特点等问题作了分析 ,指出其产生的原因在于出资者缺位 ,单位本身缺乏约束机制和薪酬理念更新不到位。最后 ,对地勘单位如何建立与市场接轨的薪酬体系 ,提出了五项对策建议。     

The Macroeconomic Consequences of Reciprocity in Labor Relations*

We develop and analyze a structural model of efficiency wages founded on reciprocity. Workers are assumed to face an explicit trade‐off between the disutility of providing effort and the psychological benefit of reciprocating the gift of a wage offer above some reference level. The model provides a rationale for rent sharing—a feature that is very much present in the data but absent from previous formulations of the efficiency wage hypothesis. This firm‐internal perspective on efficiency wages has potentially important macroeconomic consequences: rent‐sharing considerations promote wage rigidity, internal amplification and differential responses to technology and demand shocks.     

机关事业单位养老保险制度改革的收入再分配效应

论文采用精算方法,选择终身净转移额和内部收益率两大指标,从全国和地区两个层面,定量分析了机关事业单位养老保险制度改革的代内再分配效应和代际再分配效应。研究结果表明:养老保险制度改革对城镇职工、其他制度模式下的参保群体、不同地区、代与代之间的收入再分配效应,主要取决于工资增长率和利率的动态组合,新制度既可以发挥正向的代内再分配效应和代际再分配效应,也可能会引起代内不公平和代际不公平,而且再分配效应会随缴费年限增加而增强。     

Estimating the Short Run Effects of South Africa's Employment Tax Incentive on Youth Employment Probabilities using A Difference‐in‐Differences Approach

South Africa's Employment Tax Incentive (ETI) came into effect on the 1st of January 2014, with the objective of reducing the substantial national youth unemployment rate. Under the ETI, firms are eligible to claim a deduction from their taxes due, for the portion of their wage bill that is paid to certain groups of youth employees. We utilise several waves of nationally representative data and implement a difference‐in‐differences methodology at the individual level, in order to identify the effects of the ETI on youth employment probabilities in the short run. Our primary finding is that the ETI did not have any statistically significant and positive effects on youth employment probabilities. The point estimate from our preferred regression is ?0.005 and the 95% confidence interval is from ?0.017 to 0.006. We also find no evidence that the ETI has resulted in an increase in the level of churning in the labour market for youth. Thus, any decrease in tax revenues that arise from the ETI are effectively accruing to firms which, collectively, would have employed as many youth even in the absence of the ETI.     

Lost in translation? The relative wages of immigrants in the Portuguese labour market

This article examines the wage gaps between immigrant and Portuguese workers using matched employer–employee data for the 2002–2008 period. We found that most of the wage gap is not due to the worst endowments of the immigrants but to differences in the returns to those characteristics and to the immigrant status effect. In particular, immigrants’ education and foreign experience are significantly less valued in the Portuguese labour market. Overall, the wages of immigrants do not fully converge to those of comparable natives as domestic experience increases. The assimilation rates tend to be stronger in the first years after migration and for immigrants with higher levels of foreign experience. Total immigrants are a heterogeneous group of different nationalities, with immigrants from the EU15 and China starring as the two extreme cases.     

Public–private wage differentials in Turkey: public policy or market dynamics?

We evaluate public–private sector wage differentials by gender in Turkey between the years 2005 and 2013. Using micro data from Household Labor Force Surveys we find a positive premium for low wage earners and a penalty of working in the public sector at the higher end of the distribution. Although the penalty has not disappeared, the price effect has increased at both ends of the distribution. The increase at the lower tail is attributed to a higher price effect in the public sector, whereas at the higher tail it has been a result of a relatively uneven wage increase in the private sector along the distribution, rather than an explicit public wage policy.     

缓解人民币的升值压力：提工资还是升汇率？

当前人民币面临的升值压力有社会的、政治的以及经济的等各种因素,但其根本则在于,中国劳动者的工资低下,这与生产要素的一价化原则相差甚远。因此,要缓解减少贸易顺差的压力,在提高人民币汇率和工人工资两大措施之间,后者是根本性的,这也是缓和国内收入分配急速拉大趋势的需要。     

Job mismatches and career mobility

Does over-education assist or hinder occupational advancement? Career mobility theory hypothesizes that over-education leads to a higher level of occupational advancement and wage growth over time, with mixed international empirical evidence. This paper re-tests career mobility theory directly using a rich Australian longitudinal data set. A dynamic random effects probit model is employed to examine upward occupational mobility, considering two-digit occupational rank advancement and wage growth over three-year intervals. The ‘Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia’ data across nine years are employed, and a Mundlak correction model is adopted to adjust for unobserved heterogeneity effects and potential endogeneity, both of which are important to over-education analysis. Contrary to career theory, the results point to job mismatch as an economic concern rather than a passing phase, regardless of whether or not workers are skill-matched. Results further show the importance of adjusting for endogeneity.