Taming Airbnb: Toward guiding principles for local regulation of urban vacation rentals based on empirical results from five US cities

Urban vacation rentals, a phenomenon that has grown explosively very recently, bring benefits to cities but also impose quality of life and housing market impacts on neighborhoods. As a consequence, cities are beginning to grapple with creating regulatory regimes for managing this new land use and its encroachments on residential areas. This article uses webscraped data from Airbnb, the industry leader, to analyze the geographical patterns and concentrations of these impacts in five US cities: Austin, Boston, Chicago, San Francisco, and Washington, DC. It uses the findings to put forth four general principles for cities seeking to manage impacts imposed by Airbnb and its competitors. These are that webscraping is an imperfect but relatively cheap and effective means of gathering locally specific data; that “spiky” usage patterns dictate a microgeographic approach to regulation; that meaningful regulation necessitates dedicated enforcement, likely paid for with permit fees; and that it is desirable to distinguish between “mom-and-pop” hosts and those operating at a commercial scale.     

Using segmentation to compete in the age of the sharing economy: Testing a core-periphery framework

Airbnb has emerged as a credible competitive threat to the hotel industry. Consequently, hotel brands are having to rethink the experiences they provide to customer in an increasingly competitive environment. Despite these trends in the industry, experience-related research that examines and informs these developments remains under-represented in the hospitality and tourism literature. The present study offers a systematic approach to examine the potential differences in experiential consumption in the accommodations industry. Using a multiple-group analysis approach, it examines the moderating effects of individual characteristics and situational factors on the nature and dynamics of experiential consumption in the accommodations industry. The findings of the study culminate in the core-periphery framework of the hospitality consumption experience that can provide a relevant theoretical lens for future research into the different sectors and types of experiences within the hospitality and tourism industry. The study also outlines important implications for the hotel industry’s strategic experience design initiatives, from the standpoint of product development, the segmentation, targeting and positioning (STP) process, and marketing communications.     

Does peer monitoring influence choices between cash and food? Findings from a field experiment

To explore whether choices for transfers are influenced by peer monitoring, we examine private versus public choices among monetarily equivalent values of cash and food in northern Kenya. Many northern Kenyan communities face high-levels of chronic food insecurity and are tightly-knit, often sharing food aid transfers. Yet, humanitarian cash transfers are relatively new to the area. Whether cash will be subject to the same sharing norms is not well understood. Utilizing a randomized block experiment, we find that assigning a respondent to choose in front of peers decreases the likelihood of choosing a cash transfer relative to at least some food. We argue that peer monitoring decreases the value of cash relative to food in two inter-related ways. Choosing food in public, first, provides an opportunity for respondents to publicly demonstrate a commitment to local food aid sharing norms. Second, choosing cash in public may be riskier since cash does not yet have established sharing norms. A critical implication is that transfer choices and retargeting of resources within the community can be influenced by use of public or private discussions when eliciting community views, especially in communities where sharing is a salient social norm.     

What caused the rise of Airbnb? An examination of key macroeconomic factors

The social and economic implications of the Airbnb phenomenon have been the subject of much research. Yet, the academic literature on Airbnb is nascent. Specifically, the issue of whether major macroeconomic conditions affect the supply of Airbnb has not been investigated. To address this gap, we propose a conceptual model that explains the determinants of Airbnb supply and examine the extent to which major macroeconomic factors affect the supply of Airbnb. Specifically, we analyze the effects of hotel room rates (ADR), hotel demand, tourism demand, house prices, gross domestic product (GDP), wages and unemployment on the supply of Airbnb in 50 U.S. states. Results show that increases in hotel ADR, house prices, and GDP have contributed to an increase in the supply of Airbnb, whereas increases in unemployment rates and wages have adverse effects on Airbnb supply. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed within realms of macroeconomic theory.     

地位竞争动机对个体知识共享行为的影响

知识共享行为是学术界和企业界关注的焦点,虽然以往文献从多个角度和层次研究了组织中的知识共享行为,但忽视了地位竞争动机对个体知识共享决策的内在作用机制。基于地位竞争动机差异,将个体地位动机区分为支配型和威望型,以职场排斥为中介变量、组织公平氛围为调节变量,构建地位竞争动机对知识共享行为的影响过程模型,基于13个组织630套上下级配对样本数据进行实证检验。结果显示,支配型地位竞争动机负向影响知识共享行为,威望型地位竞争动机正向影响知识共享行为,职场排斥、组织公平氛围分别发挥中介效应和调节效应。结果为知识共享领域研究提供了新的视角和框架,揭示了地位竞争动机对知识共享促进和抑制作用的两面性,对企业管理实践有一定的现实意义。     

单位运输成本变化的供应链模型分析

在需求信息不确定情况下，由一个供应商和一个经销商构成两级供应链系统，考虑谊系统在商品边际运输费用随订货量增加而递减的情况，分析经销商采集需求不确定信息的必要备件，指出供销双方共享需求不确定信息的条件，以厦供应链系统中多个经销商联合订货的优势。     

产学研协同创新成本分摊机制研究

产学研协同创新是推动技术创新的一条重要路径,但创新成本分摊机制是影响产学研协同合作的一个重要问题。通过构建充分竞争市场下的多阶段博弈模型,从成本分摊机制角度探究了如何有效推进产学研协同创新。通过模型扩展与求解,获得成本分摊后的帕累托改善以及产学研协同创新的可行路径。结果表明：企业和学研方基于自身收益最大化而进行的成本分摊协商无法实现帕累托最优,而轮流出价博弈模型下的成本分摊形成机制能够有效改善各方收益,并使整体收益达到帕累托最优,因此是一条现实可行的帕累托改善路径,其中,各方获得的收益增量与耐心程度的对比有关。     

跨文化环境下的知识共享策略

以往的知识共享研究都集中于共同文化背景下的知识共享;而当前企业越来越多地面临着跨文化环境下的知识共享问题。本文分析了跨文化环境的含义、来源与特征以及对知识共享的影响,并提出了跨文化环境下的知识共享策略。     

区域科技资源协同度发展趋势及生态化治理机制研究

科技资源是重要的战略性资源,区域科技资源匮乏与协同度较低严重制约区域科技和经济快速发展。因此,促进区域科技资源协同与共享,如何推动各创新主体共同治理、共同发展是政府与学界共同关注的重要问题。运用2008—2017年黑龙江省与吉林省科技统计数据及复合系统协同度模型,对哈长城市群科技资源协同现状与未来协同趋势进行测算,结合生态学理论与生态化治理方式,设计区域科技资源生态化治理机制。结果发现：2009—2017年科技资源复合系统协同度整体呈现上升趋势,但增长态势平缓,其中2009-2011年和2013年复合系统协同度处于低水平协调状态,其它均处于一般协调状态。通过预测发现,2008—2022年科技资源复合系统协同度整体呈现上升趋势,但仍处于一般协同状态。基于此,围绕科技发展生态环境、区域空间协同、科技资源共享服务平台,以及产学研合作等方面设计治理机制,促进区域科技快速发展。