当前我国经济运行显现的“滞涨”现象分析及其矫治方略新探

根据相关数据(主要是指反映通胀程度、失业程度和经济增速下滑程度的数据)显示,当前我国经济运行已经显现出"滞涨"现象.国际金融危机向经济危机的深化,正在严重地推进和加剧我国经济的"滞涨".这对我国宏观经济调控提出了新的难题.我们必须正视这一客观事实,及时研究破解对策.本文运用中国特色分享经济机制原理,从革新微观经济组织内生机制入手,以全新的视角提出了应对"滞涨"的对策.     

分享经济:逻辑、模式与边界

分享经济自2015年被政府写入"十三五"发展规划以来,取得了迅猛发展,也引起了业界和学界的热烈讨论。系统梳理了分享经济的近期研究成果和近年来国内外分享经济发展情况,分析了分享经济的运行逻辑、模式和边界。分享经济的运行逻辑在于借助先进技术支持的互联网平台降低交易成本,实现沟通平台双方的信息传递,完成P2P供需匹配,是一个典型的双边市场;区别于传统4种商业模式,分享经济的模式主要有P2P、B2C、C2B三种;分享经济的边界是市场交易成本高于企业内在交易成本。最后,对我国分享经济发展提出了展望。     

When users decide to bypass collaborative consumption platforms: The interplay of economic benefit,perceived risk,and perceived enjoyment

Bypass, which consists of intentionally circumventing a collaborative platform in the final transaction phase, represents a threat for commission-based platforms. This paper examines collaborative consumers' motivations to bypass and proposes a conceptual model explaining bypass intention. Multigroup analysis of 549 UK respondents (310 accommodation-rental users; 239 ride-sharing users) using PLS-SEM shows that perceived enjoyment and perceived risk are strong predictors of bypass intention. Our findings also confirm the significant impact of economic benefit influencing bypass decisions, both directly and indirectly, by reducing perceived risk and increasing perceived enjoyment. This study extends the literature on collaborative consumers’ bypass motivations, identifying an interplay of utilitarian motive (economic benefit), hedonic motive (perceived enjoyment), and perceived risk. It also contributes to the field of misbehaviors in hospitality and tourism, by showing empirically the link between pleasure and deviance. Finally, it helps platforms to determine the types of exchange that are more prone to bypass.     

Communicating quality while evoking loss – How consumers assess extra charges in the Airbnb marketplace

The rise of the sharing economy has allowed consumers to choose from hundreds of thousands of diverse accommodations. In this article, we explore the impact of price partitioning on demand. Our findings reveal that partitioning the price into different elements can have a positive impact on demand. We argue that when the price is partitioned into different fees, it draws attention to the rationale behind the fees – such as additional cleaning. While the presence of the fees acts as a signal, we draw upon prospect theory to argue that the amount of the fee is viewed as a loss and thus has a negative impact on demand. We test our arguments using data on Airbnb's across the whole United States and find that price partitioning positively impacts demand, but the costs themselves have a negative impact on demand.     

Investigating the whole picture: Comparing the effects of Airbnb supply and hotel supply on hotel performance across the United States

This study examines and compares the extent to which Airbnb and hotel supply affect key hotel performance measures in the United States. The results show that although both Airbnb and hotel supply adversely affect hotel revenues (i.e., RevPAR), the magnitude of the impact of hotel supply on RevPAR is much larger than that of Airbnb. Airbnb adversely affects hotel room prices (i.e., ADR), however; it does not affect occupancy rates (i.e., OCC). Yet, increasing hotel supply negatively affects OCC but not ADR. The results from the state-level analyses further showed that the negative effects of Airbnb and hotel supply on RevPAR, ADR and OCC persist only in states with high hotel supply. Analyzing the joint effects of Airbnb and hotel supply on hotel performance in a manner that is both geographically-comprehensive and spatially-meaningful, this study provides a more complete and nuanced understanding on the economic dynamics of the accommodation industry.     

The effects of Airbnb on hotel performance: Evidence from cities beyond the United States

Although Airbnb's impact on hotels has been quantified for major hotel markets in the United States, these effects have not been quantified in international hotel markets. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to examine the effects of Airbnb listings on key hotel performance metrics in an international context. In particular, we examine the effects of Airbnb listings on hotel revenue per available room (RevPAR), average daily rate (ADR), and occupancy rate (OCC) in major international hotel markets, namely London, Paris, Sydney and Tokyo. The results show that Airbnb listings in these major cities have been increasing more than 100% year over year and that the effect of Airbnb on hotel RevPAR and OCC is negative and statistically significant. In particular, a 1% increase in Airbnb listings decreases hotel RevPAR by between 0.016% and 0.031% in these hotel markets. The implications of these findings for destinations and hoteliers are discussed.     

A dynamic decision support system for evaluating peer-to-peer rental accommodations in the sharing economy

Accommodation accounts for one of the biggest expenses while traveling, and deciding where to stay is often confusing and time-consuming. Fortunately, travelers have more options than ever before because of the substantial growth of the peer-to-peer (P2P) short-term rentals in the sharing economy. Designing a user-friendly system that considers travelers’ preferences in choosing the right accommodation can enhance customer satisfaction and increase profitability. We propose a dynamic decision support system based on the theory of multi-criteria decision making to assist travelers in personalizing their preferences and finding quality accommodations in the dominant P2P market that aligns with those preferences. We use the fuzzy best-worst method to measure the intensity of the user’s preferences and the fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) to score and evaluate alternative P2P rental properties. We present a case study in the P2P rental accommodations industry to demonstrate the applicability of the method proposed in this study.     

自行车产业如何突破质量瓶颈

从分析自行车产业发展面临的瓶颈问题着手,指出质量是影响自行车产业发展和企业经营效益的关键性因素。质量监控的重要手段之一是检测,检测由标准来规范。因此,制修订检测和计量标准,加强标准宣贯和统一检测方法是促进自行车产业可持续发展的重要保障。     

嵌入理论视角下军民科技人才共享模式、困境及治理

科技人才是国家战略性资源。我国军工科技人才和民用科技人才长期处于割裂状态,无法有效支撑国家创新驱动发展战略和军民融合发展战略。基于嵌入理论,分析军民科技人才共享的嵌入制度基础、嵌入需求基础和人才趋同基础。根据嵌入性质与人才隶属关系改变与否,提出虚拟嵌入、实体嵌入和智力嵌入3种军民科技人才共享嵌入模式。分析嵌入认知、嵌入关系、嵌入政策、嵌入结构和嵌入渠道等方面的困境,并提出相应治理策略。     

社会资本影响社交网络知识共享效果的实证研究

结合社会资本理论及社交网络中知识共享行为相关研究,构建了社会资本3个维度影响社交网络知识共享效果的概念模型,选择“知乎”网用户作为研究对象,应用数据抓取技术获得354份有效问卷,应用网络分析技术和回归方法对模型进行验证。结果表明：社会资本结构维度与知识共享质量显著正相关,但与知识共享数量不存在显著影响关系;认知维度与知识共享质量和数量显著正相关;关系维度中信任、社区认可与知识共享质量显著正相关,但互惠与知识共享质量不存在显著影响关系;关系维度中互惠、社区认可与知识共享数量显著正相关,但信任与知识共享数量不存在显著影响关系。