AHP和0-1整数规划方法在物流系统零售点选址中的应用研究

物流系统零售点选址所涉及的影响因素众多,这些因素中既有定性因素,又有定量因素。首先用层次分析法对这些影响因素进行处理,得到了各备选点的权值。针对层次分析法无法解决条件约束问题,提出了用层次分析法和0-1整数规划法相结合用于零售点选址的模型。最后,通过示例证明该模型能有效地处理物流系统零售点选址问题。     

Liquidity,default, taxes,and yields on municipal bonds

We examine the effects of liquidity, default and personal taxes on the relative yields of Treasuries and municipals using a generalized model with liquidity risk. The municipal yield model includes liquidity as a state factor. Using a unique transaction dataset, we estimate the liquidity risk of municipals and its effect on bond yields. Empirical evidence shows that municipal bond yields are strongly affected by all three factors. The effects of default and liquidity risk on municipal yields increase with maturity and credit risk. Liquidity premium accounts for about 9–13% of municipal yields for AAA bonds, 9–15% for AA/A bonds and 8–19% for BBB bonds. A substantial portion of the maturity spread between long- and short-maturity municipal bonds is attributed to the liquidity premium. Ignoring the liquidity risk effect thus results in a severe underestimation of municipal bond yields. Conditional on the effects of default and liquidity risk, we obtain implicit tax rates very close to the statutory tax rates of high-income individuals and institutional investors. Furthermore, these implicit income tax rates are quite stable across bonds of different maturities. Results show that including liquidity risk in the municipal bond pricing model helps explain the muni puzzle.     

Value Relevance of Environmental Provisions Pre‐ and Post‐IFRS

The purpose of this paper is to compare the value relevance of environmental provisions as recorded under Canadian/U.S. GAAP and IFRS accounting frameworks with consideration of the impact of voluntarily issuing stand‐alone sustainability reports. The value relevance of environmental provisions is tested using a modified Ohlson (1995) model. We exploit IFRS reconciliations as a quasi‐experimental setting to conduct this comparison. Results indicate that environmental provisions recorded under either framework only act as liabilities for oil and gas firms that release stand‐alone sustainability reports. For other firms in the oil and gas industry, and the mining industry, the liability nature of these provisions appears to be discounted by the market. Furthermore, for firms in the oil and gas industry that do not have stand‐alone CSR reports, provisions appear to be interpreted by the market as a costly signal about future growth. Instead of downwardly affecting market values, this information is associated with higher market values. In terms of the transition to IFRS, we find that, while the IFRS provisions are significantly higher than under former GAAP, they do not improve value relevance for investors. Accounting standard setters should consider examining the changes in the current standards from the original Canadian environmental provision reporting requirements under Capital Assets section 3060.39, as it was rightfully shown to be a relevant proxy for unbooked liabilities (Li and McConomy, 1999; Bewley, 2005) rather than earnings expectancy. The study builds upon prior research to examine the value of accounting standards that have gone through significant changes.     

两阶段视角下高技术产业技术创新能力比较研究

运用SPSS软件,对我国高技术产业在技术研发阶段和技术成果转化阶段的技术创新能力进行了实证研究。结果发现,两阶段高技术产业创新能力高低趋势基本一致。其中,通信设备制造业在两阶段技术创新能力均最高,而办公设备制造业、雷达及配套设备制造业、航天器制造业在两阶段的技术创新能力均最低。提高高技术产业技术创新能力,在技术研发阶段应加大创新投入,提高产业创新产出,从而保证技术成果转化阶段研发成果供给。另外,还应加强技术成果转化阶段的经费投入和创新环境建设。     

Public Revenue‐Expenditure Nexus in South Africa: Are there Asymmetries?

This paper re‐examines the government revenue and expenditure relationship in South Africa using Enders and Siklos' Threshold adjustment and Granger causality tests. The paper allows for structural breaks in the unit root and cointegration tests. The results indicate the absence of any asymmetries in both the threshold autoregression and momentum threshold autoregression specifications of adjustments in the South African's budgeting process. The estimated symmetric error‐correction models provide support for the fiscal synchronization hypothesis of government revenues and expenditures for long‐run and short‐run dynamic equilibrium. These findings indicate that the South African fiscal authorities should try to maintain or even improve the control of their fiscal policy instruments to sustain the prudent budgetary process.     

基于库存理论的铁路始发直达运输产品设计

将库存理论运用到铁路始发直达运输产品设计,能够有效实现运输服务组织成本与库存成本的有机统一。为实现库存成本在铁路始发直达运输中的加载,在考虑周期非完整情况下的库存成本的同时,将铁路运输和库存成本纳入同一目标函数,在装卸车地库存能力约束下,构建基于库存理论的铁路始发直达运输产品设计模型,确定成本最小的铁路始发直达运输产品设计方案。以赤峰地区至山东省煤炭运输网络为例,设计方案有效降低了成本,有助于吸引客户选择铁路运输,以及辅助铁路运营单位研究调整始发直达运输产品方案。     

现阶段中国股市务必要远离T+O交易

虽然自5月下旬以来,股票市场上推出T+O交易的呼声强烈,但中国股市推出T+O交易的条件井不成熟.股指期货T+O交易并不是股票市场推出T+O交易的理由,国外成熟股市T+O交易同样也不是国内股市推出T+O的理由,毕竟中国股市缺什么都不缺少投机,中国股市没有必要推出T+O来助长投机.推出T+0不仅不利于中国股市走向成熟,而且也将进一步加剧投资者的投资损失,现阶段的中国股市有必要远离T+O交易.     

国有林业企业股份制改造探索

本文主要分析林业企业股份制改革的主要难点和问题 ,探索组建股份制林业企业的条件、形式和途径及一般程序 ,并论述组建股份制林业企业集团的可行性 ,并进一步探讨股份制林业企业的完善与发展的主要思路。     

Options and efficiency in spaces of bounded claims

In a seminal contribution, Ross (1976) showed that a static finite state-space market can be completed by supplementing the primitive securities with ordinary call and put options. Galvani (2009) extends this result to norm separable _Lp$L_p$-spaces, with 1≤p<∞$1\le p<\infty$. This study concludes that options maintain the same spanning power in the space of bounded payoffs topologized by the duality with the space of the state price densities. In particular, under mild assumptions on the probability space, options written on a claim that is a.s. equal to an injective function complete the market.     

基于LINGO的快递企业物流节点布局规划方法

研究快递企业物流节点布局问题,首先分析快递业务流程,然后在此基础上建立了混合非线性0-1规划模型,即在确定的业务网点备选地点中选出恰当的网点,使系统总费用最低。最后,结合武汉某快递公司实例,使用Lingo软件具体分析了建模、求解过程,结果显示其是一种有效的求解物流节点布局最优化的方法,对快递企业物流节点布局规划过程有一定的帮助。