乌蒙山片区绿色减贫指数分析

[目的]通过分析2012年和2014年乌蒙山片区绿色减贫指数,评价该地区不同年份扶贫效果,这也为今后各项扶贫政策的实施提供理论参考。[方法]文章依据中国绿色减贫指数指标体系,从经济增长绿化度、资源利用与环境保护程度、社会发展能力和扶贫开发与减贫效果4个方面,以人均地区生产总值、单位地区生产总值能耗等27个因子作为评价指标,利用线性加权综合法分析2012年和2014年经济增长绿化度、资源利用与环境保护程度、社会发展能力和扶贫开发与减贫效果指标值,最终确定绿色减贫指数。同时,分析片区内各贫困县波动较大的第三产业增加值比重、单位耕地面积化肥施用量、城乡收入比和农村人均纯收入增长率等指标。[结果]2014年相比2012年,乌蒙山片区经济增长绿化度、资源利用与环境保护程度和扶贫开发与减贫效果指标值上升,社会发展能力指标值降低,绿色减贫指数提高了15.40%。各县第三产业比重均降低,但农村人均纯收入都有提高。四川省10个县单位耕地面积化肥施用量增加。四川省除叙永县和美姑县,贵州省除赤水市,片区内的各贫困县城乡收入比降低。[结论]2014年,乌蒙山区在落实国家扶贫规划上取得了较好的成效。但各县之间差距较大,在今后的扶贫攻坚中,需要从不同地区的实际情况出发,了解贫困类型和贫困程度,考察当地资源储备和环境现状,统筹区域发展。     

集中连片特困地区扶贫开发金融服务工作存在的问题及相关建议——以大兴安岭南麓集中连片特困白城片区为例

推进扶贫开发,缓解和消除贫困,是深入贯彻落实科学发展观,全面建设小康社会、构建和谐社会,最终实现共同富裕的本质要求,也是党和国家的重大经济发展战略。集中连片特困地区是全国扶贫对象最多、贫困发生率最高、扶贫工作难度最大的地区。2011年11月,中央扶贫开发工作会议出台了《中国农村扶贫开发纲要（2011-2020年）》,提出要把＂连片特困地区＂作为新时期扶贫开发主战场。如何构建多元化、全方位的金融扶贫工作体系,对于增强集中连片特困地区可持续发展能力,加快推进集中连片特困地区脱贫致富具有重大意义。     

肿瘤靶向药物不良反应发生率的Meta分析

目的 探讨肿瘤患者使用靶向药物治疗后引发的不良反应发生率.方法 从建库至2020年7月1日检索中国期刊全文数据库、中文期刊全文数据库、万方数据知识服务平台等数据库,获取现有的不同类型肿瘤靶向药物及不良反应发生率的相关文献,根据纳入和排除标准选取临床研究文献,采用ReviewManager 5.3软件对肿瘤靶向药物不良反...     

企业精准扶贫行为影响企业风险吗？

精准扶贫是一项国家战略,企业精准扶贫是打赢脱贫攻坚战的重要环节。本文以2016-2018年A股市场参与精准扶贫的非金融类上市公司为样本,研究精准扶贫参与水平对企业风险的影响。研究发现:(1)企业精准扶贫的参与水平越高,其股票市场风险越低;(2)企业信息透明度越低,参与精准扶贫对企业风险的降低作用越强;(3)制度环境越薄弱的地区,参与精准扶贫对企业风险的降低程度越大;(4)进一步分析发现,企业精准扶贫提高了企业声誉、资源获取能力和生产效率,降低了信息不对称,从而有助于降低企业风险。本文研究了企业精准扶贫对企业风险的影响及作用机理,经验证据表明,上市公司积极参与精准扶贫既响应国家号召,为打赢脱贫攻坚战贡献力量,又有利于降低企业风险,能够获得承担社会责任与规避风险的“双赢”结果。     

Industrial mining land use and poverty in regions of Burkina Faso

Industrial mining generally develops in rural areas where agriculture is the main subsistence activity of the population. However, there seems to be an incompatible coexistence between agricultural and mining activities, as both require a large amount of land. Given the extensive agricultural system in Burkina Faso and the expansion of mining since 2007, this study analyzed the effect of industrial mining land use on poverty in the 13 regions of Burkina Faso. The study examined the effect of mining land use intensity on cereal production/yield before exploring its impact on poverty by using several econometric methods and various data from the National Statistics Institute. The results indicate that mining land use intensity had no direct effect on poverty; instead, the effect is indirect. Indeed, mining land use intensity negatively affects cereal yield, and that reinforces the incidence of poverty in mining regions. Moreover, the results show that cereal production increases with cropped land. As cereal yield decreases with industrial mining land use intensity, this suggests that the expansion of mining would contribute to the jeopardizing of the food supply as well as the exacerbation of poverty in mining regions. Therefore, policies are needed to encourage the sustainable management of land and mining revenue redistribution in the mining regions of Burkina Faso.     

DATA GAPS,DATA INCOMPARABILITY,AND DATA IMPUTATION: A REVIEW OF POVERTY MEASUREMENT METHODS FOR DATA‐SCARCE ENVIRONMENTS

Questions that often come up in contexts where household consumption data are unavailable or missing include: what are the best existing methods to obtain poverty estimates at a single snapshot in time? and over time? and what are the best available methods to study poverty dynamics? A variety of different techniques have been developed to tackle these questions, but unfortunately, they are presented in different forms and lack unified terminology. We offer a review of poverty imputation methods that address contexts ranging from completely missing and partially missing consumption data in cross‐sectional household surveys, to missing panel household data. We present the various existing methods under a common framework, with pedagogical discussion on their intuition. Empirical illustrations are provided using several rounds of household survey data from Vietnam. Furthermore, we also offer a practical guide with detailed instructions on computer programs that can be used to implement the reviewed techniques.     

Old homes, externalities, and poor neighborhoods. A model of urban decline and renewal

This paper investigates urban decline and renewal in the United States using three panels that follow neighborhoods on a geographically consistent basis over extended periods of time. Findings indicate that change in neighborhood economic status is common, averaging roughly 13 percent per decade; roughly two-thirds of neighborhoods studied in 1950 were of quite different economic status fifty years later. Panel unit root tests for 35 MSAs indicate that neighborhood economic status is a stationary process, consistent with long-running cycles of decline and renewal. In Philadelphia County, a complete cycle appears to last up to 100 years. Aging housing stocks and redevelopment contribute to these patterns, as do local externalities associated with social interactions. Lower-income neighborhoods appear to be especially sensitive to the presence of individuals that provide social capital. Many of the factors that drive change at the local level have large and policy relevant effects.     

金融普惠可以提高减贫质量吗?——基于多维贫困的分析

切实提高减贫质量对我国打赢打好脱贫攻坚战和守住脱贫成果至关重要。金融普惠作为当前我国金融改革和脱贫攻坚的重要举措,是否有助于提高减贫质量仍是有待回答的问题。文章基于中国家庭金融调查2015年数据,从多维贫困和多维贫困脆弱性两方面出发研究了金融普惠对我国农村减贫质量的影响。研究发现,金融普惠可以同时降低农村家庭多维贫困和多维贫困脆弱性,并且对多维贫困问题严重的农村家庭有更大的作用;区分不同贫困和不同金融服务发现,金融普惠可以显著降低收入贫困、教育贫困及生活质量贫困,对健康贫困的影响则不显著;银行营业网点与金融服务点渗透、以及储蓄、贷款、保险及数字金融服务使用可以提高减贫质量,而其他金融机构渗透、信用卡使用及银行服务评价的作用相对有限。进一步地,文章研究了金融普惠减贫质量效应的环境条件,发现村庄市场及制度环境和家庭需求环境改善有助于充分发挥金融普惠的积极作用,相反则可能构成一定的制约。最后,文章检验了金融普惠的影响机制,发现促进农村家庭人力与物质资本积累、以及地区经济发展等在其中发挥了重要的中介作用。文章结论为我国提高减贫质量提供了可靠的政策工具,同时也可促进我国全面建成小康社会和经济实现高质量发展。     

金融支持精准扶贫存在的问题及建议

金融能够通过改善最低收入阶层的收入,减少收入分配不平等,从而降低贫困率;也能够通过促进资本积累、推动技术创新影响经济增长,进而缓解贫困。集中连片特困地区是全国扶贫对象最多、贫困发生率最高、扶贫工作难度最大的地区。构建多元化、全方位的金融精准扶贫工作体系,对于增强集中连片特困地区可持续发展能力、加快推进集中连片特困地区脱贫致富具有重大意义。本文针对特困地区金融在精准扶贫工作中存在的问题提出若干建议。     

Real-world dosing and drug costs with everolimus or axitinib as second targeted therapies for advanced renal cell carcinoma: a retrospective chart review in the US

Objective:

To describe dosing patterns and to compare the drug costs per month spent in progression-free survival (PFS) among patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) treated with everolimus or axitinib following a first tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI).

Methods:

A medical record retrospective review was conducted among medical oncologists and hematologists/oncologists in the US. Patient eligibility criteria included: (1) age ≥18 years; (2) discontinuation of first TKI (sunitinib, sorafenib, or pazopanib) for medical reasons; (3) initiation of axitinib or everolimus as a second targeted therapy during February 2012–January 2013. Real-world dosing patterns were summarized. Dose-specific drug costs (as of October 2014) were based on wholesale acquisition costs from RED BOOK Online. PFS was compared between everolimus and axitinib using a multivariable Cox proportion hazards model. Everolimus and axitinib drug costs per month of PFS were compared using multivariable gamma regression models.

Results:

A total of 325 patients received everolimus and 127 patients received axitinib as second targeted therapy. Higher proportions of patients treated with axitinib vs everolimus started on a higher than label-recommended starting dose (14% vs 2%) or experienced dose escalation (11% vs 1%) on second targeted therapy. The PFS did not differ significantly between patients receiving everolimus or axitinib (adjusted hazard ratio (HR)?=?1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]?=?0.73–1.82). After baseline characteristics adjustment, axitinib was associated with 17% ($1830) higher drug costs per month of PFS compared to everolimus ($12,467 vs $10,637; p?<?0.001).

Limitations:

Retrospective observational study design and only drug acquisition costs considered in drug costs estimates.

Conclusions:

Patients with aRCC receiving axitinib as second targeted therapy were more likely to initiate at a higher than label-recommended dose and were more likely to dose escalate than patients receiving everolimus. With similar observed durations of PFS, drug costs were significantly higher—by 17% per month of PFS—with axitinib than with everolimus.