Nonfarm diversification,poverty, economic mobility,and income inequality: a case study in village India

This article assembles data at the all‐India level and for the village of Palanpur, Uttar Pradesh, to document the growing importance, and influence, of the nonfarm sector in the rural economy between the early 1980s and late 2000s. The suggestion from the combined National Sample Survey and Palanpur data is of a slow process of nonfarm diversification, whose distributional incidence, on the margin, is increasingly pro‐poor. The village‐level analysis documents that the nonfarm sector is not only increasing incomes and reducing poverty, but appears as well to be breaking down long‐standing barriers to mobility among the poorest segments of rural society. Efforts by the government of India to accelerate the process of diversification could thus yield significant returns in terms of declining poverty and increased income mobility. The evidence from Palanpur also shows, however, that at the village‐level a significant increase in income inequality has accompanied diversification away from the farm. A growing literature argues that such a rise in inequality could affect the fabric of village society, the way in which village institutions function and evolve, and the scope for collective action at the village level. Failure to keep such inequalities in check could thus undermine the pro‐poor impacts from the process of structural transformation currently underway in rural India.     

衔接过渡期扶贫资产差异化治理研究

扶贫资产的衍生主要与扶贫行为和扶贫资金投入相关。根据资金投入领域的不同,扶贫资产进一步分化为政府资产、村集体资产、贫困户家庭资产及组合型资产等。由于资产类型的多样化,"差异化治理"成为实现扶贫资产有效治理的重要保障。应从晰化产权主体、细化责任主体、优化管理方式、活化资产使用、具化收益分配入手,推进扶贫资产差异化治理,确保治理有效。     

Seasonal poverty in Madagascar: magnitude and solutions

Seasonal reductions in food consumption pull about one million Malagasy below the poverty line during the lean season. There they join the nine million more who remain chronically undernourished throughout the year. Because the seasonality of food shortages coincides with the increased prevalence of diarrhea and other diseases during the rainy season, the resulting lean season exacts a heavy toll in the form of increased rates of malnutrition and child mortality. Combining the results of recent field studies with a seasonal multi-market model, this paper measures the probable impacts of three common interventions aimed at combatting seasonal food insecurity. We find the most promising interventions to be those that increase agricultural productivity of the secondary food crops such as cassava, other roots and tubers, and maize.     

我国城镇居民最低生活保障制度保障力度分析

城镇居民最低生活保障制度,是我国社会救助制度体系的核心内容,也是我国政府反贫困政策的重要组成部分。分析它在运行过程中的保障力度,对于明确该制度已经取得的功效以及存在的不足有一个全面的认识,这对于该制度的进一步发展与完善具有积极的作用。     

新形势下金融支持扶贫开发模式研究——昭平茶产业案例

国家级贫困县广西昭平县以特色茶产业为载体,成功创建了“政府＋金融＋企业＋基地＋农户”五轮驱动的金融支持扶贫开发模式,对贫困地区破解金融支持扶贫开发瓶颈、提高金融支持扶贫开发成效、实现金融支持扶贫开发可持续发展具有借鉴意义.     

我国农村扶贫开发的模式总结和反思

反贫困是世界性的难题,各国进行了不同的理论和实践探索,制定和实施了多种政策措施来解决贫困人口的发展问题。文章基于当前国内外扶贫开发的政策和理论演进,以我国扶贫工作的重点省份云南为例,对整村推进模式、产业扶贫模式、异地搬迁扶贫模式和劳动力转移培训模式等扶贫发开实践过程中的各种扶贫模式进行了梳理,指出目前扶贫开发模式存在覆盖面小,政策滞后,对自我发展能力的培育和提升重视不够,贫困主体的参与性和主动性不足等诸多问题,最后提出了实施多维系统政策、恢复和提升贫困人口发展能力、协调产业发展与生态保护共赢等对策建议。     

广西跨境电商发展的策略研究

互联网时代造就了新的贸易方式——跨境电子商务,在传统外贸增长疲软的背景下,成为推动外贸增长的助推器。"一湾连十国"的广西,处在"一带一路"交汇的关键区域,依托独特的区位优势,跨境电商发展前景广阔。广西跨境电商起步晚,在发展过程中不可避免地存在一些问题,政府应出台相关政策、继续完善面向东盟的跨境电商物流体系、创新监管模式、引导传统外贸企业积极拓宽跨境电商业务等,促进广西跨境电商高质量发展。     

三峡库区腹心地——奉节县城镇最低生活保障制度现状及对策研究

通过实地调查,把握奉节县城镇低收入群体生活状况,研究他们目前存在的问题及其形成原因,探寻解决问题的对策。     

中国金融发展与收入分配、贫困关系的经验分析——基于动态面板数据的研究

本文利用2001—2007年中国省际面板数据,运用系统的广义矩(GMM)估计方法,研究金融发展对收入分配和贫困的影响。结果发现,中国的金融发展更有利于贫困家庭收入水平的提高,减少收入分配不平等。贫困家庭的收入增长大约有31%可以归因于金融发展的收入分配效应,而剩下的69%是由于金融发展的增长效应所致。另外,没有证据表明金融发展与收入分配存在倒U型关系。在非农产业比重高的省份,金融发展会加剧贫富差距。     

The impact of coffee certification on small‐scale producers’ livelihoods: a case study from the Jimma Zone,Ethiopia

What is the impact of product certification on small‐scale farmers’ livelihoods? To what extent does the participation of Ethiopian small‐scale coffee farmers in certified local cooperative structures improve their socioeconomic situation? To answer these questions, this article employs household data of 249 coffee farmers from six different cooperatives collected in the Jimma zone of Southwestern Ethiopia in 2009. Findings show that the certification of coffee cooperatives has in total a low impact on small‐scale coffee producers’ livelihoods mainly due to (1) low productivity, (2) insignificant price premium, and (3) poor access to credit and information from the cooperative. Differences in production and organizational capacities between the local cooperatives are mirrored in the extent of the certification benefits for the smallholders. “Good” cooperatives have reaped the benefits of certification, whereas “bad” ones did not fare well. In this regard the “cooperative effect” overlies the “certification effect.”