中国能源需求向量自回归模型的建立与分析

随着我国经济的快速发展,对能源需求日益增加,在未来一段时期内,如何科学地预测我国能源需求量,对于保证经济的可持续发展、小康社会目标的实现与和谐社会的构建具有重要的现实意义。向量自回归模型是基于数据的统计性质建立模型,把系统中每一个内生变量作为系统中所有内生变量的滞后值的函数来构造模型,是处理多个相关经济指标的分析和预测最容易操作的模型之一,常用于预测相互联系的时间序列系统。能源需求量是由煤炭、石油、天然气等一次能源的消费量组成,他们之间存在着密切的联系,基于此,应用VAR模型对我国中长期的能源需求总量、煤炭、石油、天然气的消费量进行预测,为科学地制定能源发展战略提供理论指导。     

包含货币因素的利率规则及其在我国的实证检验

本文根据新凯恩斯模型和货币需求方程,通过理论分析得到了包含货币因素的最优利率规则。该规则表明,货币增长率稳定性权重或货币需求方程的利率响应系数越大,利率规则的货币增长率响应系数越大,货币政策也就愈积极。然后,本文利用线性回归和门限回归方法及我国统计数据,从市场利率和管制利率两方面对利率规则进行了实证研究。估计结果表明,通胀系数、产出缺口和货币增长率各自的响应系数都大于0,这意味着利率规则能够保证当我国经济运行偏离均衡状态或央行目标时采取正确的政策调整方向,从而保证经济的平稳运行。货币高增长状态下各个变量的系数值都要稍微大于货币低增长状态下相应的系数值。     

Time-varying correlations in oil,gas and CO2 prices: an application using BEKK,CCC and DCC-MGARCH models

Previous literature has identified oil and gas prices as being the main drivers of CO₂ prices in a univariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) econometric framework (Alberola et al., 2008; Oberndorfer, 2009). By contrast, we argue in this article that the interrelationships between energy and emissions markets shall be modelled in a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) and Multivariate GARCH (MGARCH) framework, so as to reflect the dynamics of the correlations between the oil, gas and CO₂ variables overtime. Using the Baba–Engle–Kraft–Kroner (BEKK), Constant Conditional Correlation (CCC) and Dynamic Conditional Correlation MGARCH (DCC-MGARCH) models on daily data from April 2005 to December 2008, we highlight significant own-volatility, cross-volatility spillovers, and own persistent volatility effects for nearly all markets, indicating the presence of strong Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH) and GARCH effects. Besides, we provide strong empirical evidence of time-varying correlations in the range of [?0.3;?0.3] between oil and gas, [?0.05;?0.05] between oil and CO₂, and [?0.2;?0.2] between gas and CO₂, that have not been considered by previous studies. These findings are of interest for traders and utilities in the energy sector, but also for a broader applied economics audience.     

The effects of oil price shocks on expenditure category CPI

In this study, we apply a two-block structural vector autoregressive (VAR) model proposed by Kilian and Park (2009) in order to investigate the dynamic effects of changes in oil price on the expenditure category consumer price index (CPI) in the United States and Japan. Our results confirm that each expenditure category price index responded very differently to the same structural shock, and that whether changes in oil price function as a positive stimulus or a negative shock for the individual expenditure category prices also depends on the kind of underlying shock that drives the changes in oil price. Finally, our results also reveal that the manner in which changes in oil price affect each expenditure category price differs between the United States and Japan and these detailed-level differences may lead to aggregate-level differences in the price response of both countries to changes in oil price.     

Common dynamics of nonenergy commodity prices and their relation to uncertainty

The purpose of this article is to improve the empirical evidence on commodity prices in various dimensions. First, we attempt to identify the extent of comovements in 44 monthly nonenergy commodity price series in order to ascertain whether the increase in comovement is a recent term phenomenon. Second, we attempt to determine the role of uncertainty in determining comovements among nonenergy prices in the short run. We diagnose the overall comovement using a dynamic factor model estimated by principal components. A factor-augmented vector autoregressive approach is used to assess the relationship of fundamentals, financial and uncertainty variables with the comovement in commodity prices. We find a greater synchronization among raw materials since December 2003. Since that date, uncertainty has played an important role in determining short-run fluctuations in nonenergy raw material prices.     

House Prices and Stock Prices: Different Roles in the US Monetary Transmission Mechanism*

We analyze the role of house prices and stock prices in the monetary‐policy transmission mechanism in the US, using a structural vector autoregressive model. If we allow the interest rate and asset prices to react simultaneously to news, we find different roles for house prices and stock prices in the monetary transmission mechanism. Following a contractionary monetary‐policy shock, stock prices fall immediately, while the response in house prices is more gradual. Regarding the systematic response in monetary policy, stock prices play a more important role than house prices. As a consequence, house prices contribute more than stock prices to fluctuations in gross domestic product and inflation.     

Schumpeter,Schumacher and the Greening of Technology

We propose a semantic patent claim analysis that can examine patents for possible infringements and identify which needs to be manually perused. So far, numerous approaches have been devised to systemise this burden, but have not been useful in practice because of a lack of consideration of semi-structure of patent claim data and claim element-based procedure of adjudicating patent infringement. At the heart of our method is a hierarchical keyword vector for representing the dependency relationships among claim elements (as well as unstructured textual information) and a tree matching algorithm for comparing claim elements of patents. A case study of the patents about DNA chip technology shows our method has considerable advantages in terms of accuracy and significance. We believe the suggested method could be employed in various research areas and serve as a starting point for developing more general models.     

公共服务、城市规模与人才区位——基于新空间经济学理论的分析

将城市规模引入新空间经济学理论模型,探讨公共服务、城市规模对人才区位的影响机制,并且利用2011-2017年CMDS微观数据匹配244个城市数据进行实证检验。结果显示：①城市规模对公共服务影响人才区位具有非线性门槛效应,只有当城市规模满足一定门槛条件时,增加公共服务供给才能显著吸引人才流入;②全国层面的实证分析有效验证了理论预期;③分区域看,东部与中西部地区门槛条件具有异质性,东部地区人才流动呈现竞争效应,中西部地区呈现集聚效应;④分城市等级看,大城市与中小城市门槛条件差异明显,满足门槛条件时,加大中小城市公共服务供给,吸引人才效果会更显著。最后提出基于城市规模和区域异质性的公共服务供给对策。     

The effect of exchange rate changes on trade balances in the short and long run

Using generalized impulse response functions, this study tests for the trade J‐curve for three transitional central European countries – the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland – in their bilateral trade with respect to Germany. Our findings suggest that for each country there are some characteristics associated with a J‐curve effect: after a (real or nominal) depreciation the export‐to‐import ratio briefly drops to below its initial value within a few months and then rises to a long run equilibrium value higher than the initial one.     

陕西省财政支出结构的实证分析

财政支出对经济增长的影响不仅表现在总量上,而且表现在财政支出的结构关系上。文章着重分析了1978-2006年陕西省财政支出与经济增长的关系,发现经济增长促进了政府财政支出规模的扩张,并利用VAR模型和IRF检验了财政支出结构对经济增长的影响。