基于资源型城市转型的唐山旅游业发展优势分析

旅游业以其低投入高产出、低能耗少污染、带动性强、就业率高等特点而成为经济社会转型中的首选产业,唐山是典型的资源型城市,和众多资源型城市发展一样面临着城市转型、产业结构调整,充分利用各种优势条件,大力发展旅游业,推动城市产业结构转型和社会经济的全面优化。     

打破人力资源市场的二元结构,统一城乡人力资源市场

我国人力资源市场的二元结构严重阻碍了人力资源的市场化,成为人力资源合理有序流动的主要障碍。本文认为二元结构的人力资源市场扭曲了人力资源市场的运行机制,导致人力资源市场效率低下,必须改变人力资源市场的二元结构现状,统一城乡人力资源市场,促进就业。     

乡村旅游开发:我国城市反哺农村的理想途径

以城市和乡村这两种不同类型的人类集居地域对比为基础,从乡村旅游的本质和特性着手,探讨其在我国城市反哺农村中的产业优势与产业适宜性。认为乡村旅游通过吸引城市居民直接到农村地区异地消费而巧妙地实现城乡之间财富的隐形调拨,是平衡地区经济的天然杠杆;乡村旅游主要以乡村环境和物产以及遍在性的山水和风土民情为物质基础,从而使得绝大多数农村地区都具备发展条件,堪称为农村地区"量身订造"的新型产业;乡村旅游还因就地取材和游客主动上门而能获得既靠近原料地、又靠近消费市场的产业布局效应;乡村旅游业发展条件的门槛较低,是落后的农村地区可进入性较好的产业。     

农业资源禀赋的地区差异与农业FDI的区位选择——基于中国省际数据的实证研究

本文采用PanelData模型和中国农业FDI的省际数据,对农业资源禀赋的地区差异与农业FDI的区位选择的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,农业资源非均衡分布,尤其是农业自然资源的地区差异,是导致农,2kFDI地区分布差异的根本原因。农,2kFDI一般都定位于农业自然资源丰裕的地区,然而当外商过度集中于这些地区时,可利用资源数量将会减少,获取资源的成本也会增加,进而诱发农,_lkFDI的空间转移。这可以在很大程度上解释农＆FDI为什么会从东部扩散到中部、由南方转移到北方的原因。农业外资政策制定的关键是合理引导外商投资与区域农业资源合理匹配,以促进跨国公司参与农业的积极影响。     

江西三爪仑旅游资源开发研究

三爪仑是国家AAAA级景区,江西省唯一的国家示范森林公园,拥有丰富的旅游资源.但目前三爪仑景区旅游开发层次低,以湿地漂流为主的旅游产品容易受到气候的制约,漂流区周边的旅游资源未被合理开发利用.针对三爪仑旅游开发中存在的问题,本文设计了三条旅游产品线路—生态之旅、漂流之旅、宗教之旅,以期提升三爪仑旅游开发的层次,促进地区...     

都市圈旅游资源综合评价研究——以哈尔滨都市圈为例

针对现存的旅游资源评价存在的不足及都市圈这一特殊区域进行都市圈旅游资源综合评价体系研究。从可持续发展的角度出发,运用科学的统计数学和生态学中的相应模型,从多方面构建都市圈旅游资源评价体系,体系具体由四个层次组成:规范评价、旅游生态位评价、旅游资源群开发潜力评价、旅游地可持续发展评价。并以哈尔滨都市圈为例进行案例研究,以期为其他都市圈旅游资源合理利用提供借鉴。     

Measuring the cost of liquidity in agricultural futures markets: Conventional and Bayesian approaches

Estimating the cost of liquidity in agricultural futures markets is challenging because bid‐ask spreads are usually not observed. Based on an ability to reflect simulated data from Roll's spread model, we assess the effectiveness of conventional and Bayesian bid‐ask spread estimators under different market conditions. Conventional serial covariance and absolute price change spread estimators appear to be biased. Hasbrouck's Bayesian estimator generates small costs of liquidity whose values depend on the correlation and noise in the data. The absolute value Bayesian estimator is precise and works well under conditions of high levels of noise and correlation usually found in agricultural futures markets. Using data from live cattle (LC) and lean hog (LH) contracts, we find similar patterns of performance that produce economically meaningful cost of liquidity differences.     

Separation of ownership and control for Chinese listed firms: Effect on the cost of debt and the moderating role of bank competition

This research investigates the effect of the separation between firm ownership and control on the cost of debt, with attention to the moderating role of state ownership and bank competition. We make use of a sample of 1744 Chinese A-share firms for the years 2011–2017. We find that separation between ownership and control is positively associated with the cost of debt. This is consistent with the view that separation of control from ownership allows controlling shareholders to engage in tunneling and other behaviors that increase the risk of default. State ownership weakens this positive link because government debt guarantees mitigate the risk of default. Greater competition in the banking industry generally reduces the cost of debt for non-state enterprises while having no effect for state enterprises. At the same time, greater bank competition amplifies the positive effect of ownership and control separation on debt cost for non-state enterprises as banks must still cover the higher default risk. Finally, the global financial crisis raised the cost of debt for non-state enterprises but had no effect for state enterprises.     

Modelling distribution of aggregate expenditure on tourism

The aim of this article is to obtain a statistical distribution that describes the aggregate expenditure of tourists related to their length of stay at a given location. This distribution enables us to estimate two parameters simultaneously; one controls the length of stay and the other, the expense incurred. We propose two distribution models, for which closed-form expressions are obtained. Covariates are introduced in order to study the factors that affect the aggregate expenditure. The results obtained indicate that the models achieve a reasonably good fit, with and without covariates.     

The Learning Tourism Destination: The potential of a learning organisation approach for improving the sustainability of tourism destinations

Globalisation, increasing complexity, and the need to address triple-bottom line sustainability have seen the proliferation of Learning Organisations (LO) who, by definition, have the capacity to anticipate environmental changes and economic opportunities and adapt accordingly. Such organisations use system dynamics modelling (SDM) for both strategic planning and the promotion of organisational learning. Although SDM has been applied in the context of tourism destination management for predictive reasons, the current literature does not analyse or recognise how this could be used as a foundation for an LO. This study introduces the concept of the Learning Tourism Destinations (LTD) and discusses, on the basis of a review of six case studies, the potential of SDM as a tool for the implementation and enhancement of collective learning processes. The results reveal that SDM is capable of promoting communication between stakeholders and stimulating organisational learning. It is suggested that the LTD approach be further utilised and explored.