发展低碳经济对于可持续发展及相关产业发展的促进价值

由于全球升温给人类的生产和生活等各个方面带来的灾难日益严重,温室效应问题引起了各国的广泛关注。作为温室气体排放权的起点《京都议定书》确定了帮助发达国家缔约方减轻其承担减排义务费用的三个灵活机制:排放贸易机制,联合履行机制和清洁发展机制。在介绍了由于全球的环境问题存在着区域差异和控制气候变化的国际合作中,因为国家利益和立场的差异,使得180多个国家分化成不同的国家利益集团,从而形成了国际碳交易市场的现状。分析了中国从世界各国碳交易市场的现状中得到的启示以及中国目前碳交易现状。阐述了国际碳交易对中国主要产业发展的启示,分别介绍了中国各产业经济等方面应该把握的机遇和迎接的挑战。     

Does Technological Innovation Really Reduce Marginal Abatement Costs? Some Theory,Algebraic Evidence,and Policy Implications

The existing literature models innovation in pollution control as a reduction in marginal abatement costs. We show that this assumption is inappropriate for production process innovations such as fuel switching. Algebraically, we examine the effects of different innovation types on marginal abatement cost curves, showing that some desirable innovations increase marginal abatement costs. Empirically, we estimate marginal abatement costs for sulfur dioxide by measuring the output distance function for electric power in Korea. Regression results confirm that production process innovations did raise marginal abatement costs in this case. One policy implication: economic instruments do not always provide stronger innovation incentives than command-and-control policies.      

Vertical Innovation and Catching-Up: Implications of EU Integration for CEECs-5

We analyze the role of vertical innovation in trade patterns for developing economies trading with technologically advanced countries. A model is presented where the international diffusion of knowledge, promoted by economic integration, is the source of a technological catching up and leads to a convergence in the quality of traded goods, with a positive effect on exports. We then turn our attention on the evolution of trade between the Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs-5) and their European Union partner countries, assessing whether economic integration has increase the quality of the goods produced. For the period 1995–2005, we find evidence of the increasing role of intra-industry trade and vertical differentiation and a process of specialization in higher quality products, especially in the medium- and high-skill sectors.

Tariffs,trade and unemployment in a disequilibrium model: issues and policies

This paper studies the disequilibrium transition process engaged by increased openness to trade, and the effect of institutions, market behaviors and economic policies on that transition. The issue is analyzed with a simple two country (north and south), two goods model, amended in order to take into account the time dimension of both the production and the decision processes. Investigating the consequences of a tariff decrease by means of numerical simulations, we show to what extent wage and price setting, and the degree of tightness of monetary policy affect the outcome of the disequilibrium process. The main result is that capturing the gains associated with international trade requires market behaviors and economic policies, which are rather different from what is usually prescribed.

Capital–skill complementarity and inequality: A sensitivity analysis

Krusell et al. in [Krusell, P., Ohanian, L., Ríos-Rull, J.V., Violante, G.L., 2000. Capital–skill complementarity and inequality: A macroeconomic analysis. Econometrica 68 (5), 1029–1053] analyzed the capital–skill complementarity hypothesis as an explanation for the behavior of the US skill premium. We refit Krusell et al.'s [Krusell, P., Ohanian, L., Ríos-Rull, J.V., Violante, G.L., 2000. Capital–skill complementarity and inequality: A macroeconomic analysis. Econometrica 68 (5), 1029–1053] model with two alternative capital equipment price series: One proposed by Greenwood et al. [Greenwood, J., Hercowitz, Z., Krusell, P., 1997. Long-run implications of investment-specific technological change. Amer. Econ. Rev. 87 (3), 342–362] and the official, revised National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) data. We find that capital–skill complementarity is preserved, but other results were sensitive to the data used. Specifically, the fit of the model was similar to Krusell et al.'s [Krusell, P., Ohanian, L., Ríos-Rull, J.V., Violante, G.L., 2000. Capital–skill complementarity and inequality: A macroeconomic analysis. Econometrica 68 (5), 1029–1053] using the NIPA data, but not the Greenwood et al. [Greenwood, J., Hercowitz, Z., Krusell, P., 1997. Long-run implications of investment-specific technological change. Amer. Econ. Rev. 87 (3), 342–362] data. Also, both series produce estimates of the elasticity of substitution between unskilled labor and equipment that are substantially larger than Krusell et al.'s [Krusell, P., Ohanian, L., Ríos-Rull, J.V., Violante, G.L., 2000. Capital–skill complementarity and inequality: A macroeconomic analysis. Econometrica 68 (5), 1029–1053] estimates.     

On using relative prices to measure capital-specific technological progress

Recently, Greenwood, Hercowitz and Krusell (GHK) have identified the relative price of (new) capital with capital-specific technological progress. In a two-sector growth model, however, the relative price of capital equals the ratio of the productivity processes in the two sectors. Restrictions from this model are used with data on wages and prices to construct measures of productivity growth and test the GHK identification, which is easily rejected by the data. This raises questions about various measures of the contribution that capital-specific technological progress might make to the economy. This identification also induces a negative correlation between the resulting measures of capital-specific and economy-wide technological change, which potentially explains why papers employing this identification find that capital-specific technological change accelerated in the mid-1970s. We impose structure on the productivity measures based on their long-run behavior and find evidence of a slowdown in productivity in the 1970s that is common to both sectors and an acceleration in the mid-1990s that is exclusive to the capital sector.     

FDI对国际贸易的影响：来自中国的证据

本文利用2003~2006年的面板数据检验了我国外向与内向FDI存量与进出口贸易之间的关系。通过实证分析发现:我国的外向FDI与进出口均存在互补关系,因此外向FDI具有贸易创造效应,其中又以出口创造效应为甚,从而使我国的外向FDI具有"净出口"效应;而内向FDI与进出口的关系都不显著。     

债务融资结构与产品市场竞争决策研究

资本结构的产品市场竞争理论认为,在特定竞争模型下债务融资结构能够反映企业的产品市场竞争策略,并认为短期债务增加加剧了产品市场竞争,长期债务缓和产品市场竞争。进一步的实证分析得到短期债务融资与产品市场竞争程度是显著负相关的,长期债务融资与产品市场竞争程度是显著正相关的,能够支持产品市场竞争理论。同时,数据分析发现,企业规模小、资产利用效率高和收益好也是促使企业采取激进竞争手段的影响因素。     

中国和印度的贸易扩张:威胁还是机遇?

本文探讨了中印之间以及中印与其它国家之间的贸易竞争性和互补性。研究结果表明:(1)印度在第三方市场,尤其在服装、纺织品和皮革制品等方面,面临来自中国的强烈竞争;(2)中印之间的贸易增长具有一定潜力;(3)中国在中等技术行业对东亚各国、美国和大多数欧洲国家构成挑战,而印度主要对周边的南亚国家构成威胁;(4)在贸易的互补性方面,中国和印度大幅上升的进口为美国、欧洲和东亚一些国家,尤其是日本、韩国、马来西亚、新加坡和泰国的出口提供了扩张的机会。同时我们发现中国的出口结构正在发生变化,技术密集型和高科技产品的出口份额在增加,这表明从长期来看,由中国劳动密集型产品出口带来的挑战将会削弱。本文探讨了中印之间以及中印与其它国家之间的贸易竞争性和互补性。研究结果表明:(1)印度在第三方市场,尤其在服装、纺织品和皮革制品等方面,面临来自中国的强烈竞争;(2)中印之间的贸易增长具有一定潜力;(3)中国在中等技术行业对东亚各国、美国和大多数欧洲国家构成挑战,而印度主要对周边的南亚国家构成威胁;(4)在贸易的互补性方面,中国和印度大幅上升的进口为美国、欧洲和东亚一些国家,尤其是日本、韩国、马来西亚、新加坡和泰国的出口提供了扩张的机会。同时我们发现中国的出口结构正在发生变化,技术密集型和高科技产品的出口份额在增加,这表明从长期来看,由中国劳动密集型产品出口带来的挑战将会削弱。     

全流通纠正终极控制者利益取向的有效性——来自中国家族上市公司的证据

本文利用中国家族上市公司股权分置改革前后的季度时间数据,实证研究股份全流通纠正终极控制者利益取向的有效性,进而对股改的公司治理效果做出判断。股权分置带来的弊端是持有非流通股的公司控制者利益取向与公司市场价值的背离,产生严重的代理成本并阻碍我国资本市场的健康发展。全流通之后股权定价基础的一致,是否带来了终极控制者利益取向有所回归于上市公司价值?本文的研究表明:股权分置改革的确导致了大部分家族终极控制权的下降,不过一些家族终极控制者通过收购股权、定向增发等形式来巩固对上市公司的控制权;股改之后家族终极控制者掏空上市公司的程度呈显著下降;进一步研究发现,股改之后家族终极控制者的掏空动机发生了显著改善。全流通确实有效地纠正了上市公司终极控制者的利益取向。