要素禀赋、技术差异与中国的对外贸易

要素禀赋理论认为各国要素禀赋的差异导致了国际贸易的产生。中国及其贸易伙伴国的数据表明,仅仅利用要素禀赋的差异并不能完全解释国际贸易的成因。把中国和贸易伙伴国的技术差异纳入要素禀赋理论以后,要素禀赋理论的解释力大大加强。也就是说,要素禀赋和生产技术的差异这两个因素已经很好地解释了中国和8个主要贸易伙伴国之间的贸易的成因。     

资本形成路径与资本存量调整模型——基于中国转型时期的分析

本文综合考察了我国生产性资本的总量水平、形成路径及其调整机制。通过改进的方法所估算的资本存量在改革开放以来已经翻了不止两番 ,年平均增长率为7 3 6 % ,积累极为迅速。资本形成路径明显分为两个阶段 ,增量改革推动的配置效率改进使资本—产出比率在 1 994年之前持续下降 ,而近年来的资本形成过快是由于经济增长越来越倚重资本深化 ,必须通过全方位结构调整加快转型进程。本文进一步给出了我国转型期资本存量调整的供求决定框架 ,实证结果表明 ,需求导向的资本存量调整机制和投资行为已经在中国的转型经济中基本形成 ,产出水平与资本成本均为资本调整与投资需求的主要决定因素     

强自然垄断定价理论与中国电价规制制度分析

强自然垄断行业由于其定价方面的两难困境 ,需要规制者对其产品定价进行规制以在厂商利润与社会福利之间进行权衡。边际成本定价原则并不适合于自然垄断厂商。本文在规制定价理论以及激励规制理论的基础上 ,对中国电力定价问题进行了分析 ,认为电价改革的第一步应在发电环节中引入竞争的基础上 ,对不同效率类型的电力厂商设计不同激励强度的定价机制 ,另外本文尝试着对不同技术效率的电力厂商列出了不同激励强度的价格规制方案菜单     

资源价值流转下火电企业环保投资决策研究

火电企业因其巨大的节能减排潜力,在绿色发展与可持续发展方面备受关注,而传统的成本核算方法已难以满足企业循环经济改造需求。引入资源价值流理论,通过识别企业内部废弃物成本和外部环境损害价值,寻找企业循环经济改造的关键节点,并建立“经济—环境”二维体系,结合层次分析法和灰色局势决策模型构建环保投资决策模型。在此基础上,以CS火电厂为例,实施资源价值流分析并针对“锅炉燃烧中心”和“燃煤运输中心”提出3个环保投资备选方案,利用环保投资决策模型优选最佳环保投资方案。基于资源价值流分析的环保投资决策,可为火电企业实现经济与环境效益双赢提供有效支持。     

共享办公空间商业模式创新及成长策略研究

“共享经济+创新创业”理念下,共享办公空间的快速发展与其商业模式创新密切相关。采用能描述价值逻辑的商业模式画布对共享办公空间进行分析,研究发现,在商业模式创新上,相较于传统房地产行业商业模式,共享办公空间商业模式的主要突破在于价值主张创新;在商业模式成长策略上,共享办公空间的价值主张应向平台化和社群化发展,客户界面应注重层次化和开放性,企业界面应提高个性化和跨界度,赢利模式应注重多元化和轻资产。在理论分析的基础上,选取典型的共享办公空间企业——优客工场进行案例分析,为进一步推动全国共享办公空间商业模式创新发展提供参考。     

基于跳跃-扩散KMV模型的上市公司信用风险评估

本文在传统KMV模型基础上进行改进,引入风险资产价格的跳跃因素,构建跳跃-扩散KMV模型。分别从行业属性、公司属性和公司规模三个角度,对我国126家上市公司的跳跃风险进行估计,并对其信用风险进行度量。在此基础上,以测算的违约距离为被解释变量,以经济周期、跳跃风险及反映企业自身经营情况的财务指标为解释变量,利用固定效应模型实证检验企业信用风险的影响因素。结果表明,使用跳跃-扩散KMV模型度量上市公司信用风险的效果较好,测量结果与我国实际情况较吻合;同时企业的信用风险与其自身的偿债能力和跳跃风险呈显著正相关,而与其盈利能力、成长能力、营运能力及宏观经济状况呈显著负相关。     

维格列汀与二甲双胍合用治疗糖尿病的药物经济学研究

目的比较维格列汀、吡格列酮、格列美脲分别与二甲双胍合用治疗2型糖尿病时的效果、成本及成本-效果。方法运用Markov模型对三种治疗方案的终身治疗成本及效用（期望寿命、质量调整寿命年）进行经济学评价,通过文献资料和专家问卷咨询获得临床、生命质量、并发症年治疗成本等数据,进行敏感度分析。结果维格列汀、吡格列酮、格列美脲分别与二甲双胍合用治疗2型糖尿病分别延长11.02、10.96、10.90个质量调整生命年,而生命周期中三种治疗方案的治疗费用分别为124892元、134135元、126010元。敏感度分析证明了结果的可靠性。结论与吡格列酮、格列美脲合并二甲双胍质量相比,维格列汀合并二甲双胍治疗获得的健康效果更好,而治疗成本更低。     

The Relationship Between Firm Size and Innovation Activity: A Double Decision Approach†

The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationship between firm size and innovation activity using Spanish data at firm level corresponding to the manufacturing sector for the period 1990-93. This exercise is different to previous applications because we allow for different size effects in the decision to innovate and the innovation count equation, in the context of a double-hurdle approach. Several tests confirm the hurdle negbin model. We find that firm size is a relevant factor, although size effects are different in both decisions. A robust result from the different specifications estimated is the rejection of the Gilbert and Newbery hypotheses. We find out that the behaviour of firm size is neither linear in the decision nor in thc count equation. We also provide additional, and sometimes different, evidence to previous Spanish studies on R&D.     

Immiserizing Growth and the Metzler Paradox in the Ricardian Model

Conditions for the occurrence of immiserizing growth and the Metzler paradox are analysed in the Ricardian model when consumers in the foreign country have Leontief preferences while consumers in the home country have Cobb-Douglas preferences. By using specific functional forms, the conditions for the occurrence of the two paradoxes are defined in terms of the exogenous parameters of the model rather than endogenous variables such as the foreign import demand elasticity in the conditions of Bhagwati (1958) Bhagwati, J. N. 1958. Immiserizing growth: a geometrical note. Review of Economic Studies, 25: 201–205. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] and Metzler (1949a Metzler, L. A. 1949a. Tariffs, the terms of trade and the distribution of national income. Journal of Political Economy, 57: 1–29. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], b Metzler, L. A. 1949b. Tariffs, international demand, and domestic prices. Journal of Political Economy, 57: 345–351. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). It is shown that the simultaneous occurrence of both paradoxical results is possible for some parameter values.     

Learning before the storm: Modeling multiple stakeholder activities in support of crisis management,a practical case

The severe consequences of a Critical Infrastructure (CI) crisis demand continued research directed toward proactive and reactive management strategies. Despite the best efforts of governments and communities, the diversity of stakeholders, conflicting demands for resources, and a lack of trust among organizations create complexities that limit the effectiveness of the response. This paper identifies four specific problems that appear to reoccur when CIs are challenged: heterogeneity, multiple and inconsistent boundaries, resilience building and knowledge transfer and sharing. A combination of collaborative modeling and software simulation methodologies is proposed in order to identify the interrelationships among diverse stakeholders when managing the preparation for and reaction to a CI crisis. This approach allows experts to work together and share experiences through the modeling process which can lead them to a better understanding of how other organizations work and integrate different perspectives. In addition, simulation models enable domain experts to understand the consequences of certain policies in the short and long terms, thus improving the crisis managers' knowledge for future crisis situations. This paper presents a practical case of a hypothetical crisis in the CI sector and the approach used in order to deal with the four problems identified above.