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21.
More than 25 years after the German reunification, data show that products/brands from the eastern regions of Germany (“Neue Länder”) still do not have significant shares in the country's western part (“Alte Länder”). To analyze potential reasons for this phenomenon, our current study replicates a previous study that investigated selected attitudes of Alte Länder consumers toward products/brands from the Neue Länder. It is shown that factors such as consumer ethnocentrism, product judgment, willingness to buy, and economic animosity continue to influence consumer behavior and as such our study offers potential explanation for the failure of Neue Länder products/brands in the western regions of Germany. 相似文献
22.
We model market integration in the Middle East and Africa by analyzing price dispersion and testing the law of one price (LOP) on highly-comparable actual local retail prices of 135 goods and services across 23 countries in the region over the period of 1990–2016. Second-generation panel estimators are applied to four price benchmarks: Regional average, South Africa, China, and US prices. Cross-regional price dispersion diminishes considerably over time up to 2008, particularly for non-tradeables around China price. The test of LOP indicates the percentage of convergent prices is highest in China price benchmark, followed by US, South Africa, and regional average benchmarks. Direct estimation of the convergence speed confirms this order. Overall, the results show evidence of increasing market integration in Middle East and Africa but it appears to be driven by global forces and, especially, the rise of China as a new economic power. The results show that some emerging market economies, such as China, can step up and promote integration while traditional economic powerhouses, such as the USA and UK, disengage from international economic relations. 相似文献
23.
零售业自营与联营之争由来已久,在当前供给侧结构性改革、完善促进消费体制机制以及零售业寻求创新发展的背景下,有必要对这一问题展开进一步的理论探讨。文章结合马克思流通经济理论指出,自营和联营的本质区别在于是商业资本还是产业资本承担商品流通职能,自营和联营并不是非此即彼的互斥关系,但如果零售业完全倚重其中一种模式并在全社会推向极端,则需要反思商业资本和产业资本是否各得其所和高效分工。在中国流通体制变革中,虽然联营模式在特定历史时期帮助众多零售企业渡过生存危机并推进内资零售快速扩张,但发展至今,已呈现零售业普遍联营的情况,使零售业整体面临着制约创新发展的新问题。数字经济为零售业回归自营提供了有利契机,零售企业应充分利用新技术摆脱联营制的路径依赖,依托数字化开展深度自营并全面提升流通效率。 相似文献
24.
以中国2013年以来实行的碳排放交易试点政策作为准自然实验事件,基于2000-2017年中国30个省市的面板数据,运用双重差分法实证检验碳排放交易制度的节能减排效应及影响机制。研究发现,碳排放交易制度有利于实现中国经济“节能”与“减排”的双重目标,并通过了一系列稳健性检验;作用机制检验表明,能源效率提升和能源结构转型都是碳排放交易制度实现节能减排目标的重要路径;能源效率提升在碳排放交易制度实现“节能”和“减排”中分别发挥了10.19%和5.93%的作用,而能源结构转型分别发挥了48.87%和52.95%的作用。这意味着中国碳排放交易制度实现节能减排的主要动力来自能源结构转型,而非能源效率提升。能源结构转型涉及问题更加宏观和深层,这为中国加快推进节能减排进程,特别是完成2030年碳达峰和2060年碳中和的国际承诺提供政策启示。 相似文献
25.
科技创新规模扩张和科技创新效率提升是增强国家科技创新能力的两条关键途径。基于现有研究鲜有结合科技创新规模和科技创新效率开展国家科技创新能力评价的现状,采用因子分析法,系统筛选国家科技创新规模影响因素,并结合科技创新效率影响因素,完善国家科技创新能力评价指标体系,通过构建DEA Malmquist指数模型,评价不同时期国家科技创新效率变化指数,以及中国与全球10个国家科技创新能力的时空差异性。研究表明,R&D投入强度、R&D研究人员、专利申请量、科技期刊文章数、高科技产品出口额占制成品出口总额的百分比、科技创新效率是影响国家科技创新能力的关键指标;1991-2014年中国科技创新能力水平呈指数增长态势,有力提升了国家科技实力;全球10个国家科技创新能力水平除日本出现一定波动外,其余九国整体呈小幅递增态势。 相似文献
26.
This study investigates the importance of mindfulness‐based organization systems and policies on the organization's continuous efforts to become a greener company. The study is devised as a pooled cross‐sectional time series analysis of productivity in energy consumption, water utilization, and waste generation and recycling of U.S. companies. The data set taken from U.S. Newsweek 500 recorded 600 companies dispersed into 63 industries during the period of 2012–2014 and provided 1,498 company–industry–year observations. The study found that systems and policies (e.g., deployment of third‐party auditors for its environmental metrics report; linkage of the remuneration of company's senior executive team with the achievement of environmental performance targets; and establishment of a committee at the Board of Directors' level whose mandate includes sustainability of the company in environment‐ and resource‐related matters) connect the company's mindfulness to its effort in improving the environmental quality through the company's productivity in energy consumption, water utilization, and waste generation and recycling. The relationships are positive and significant. Also, systems and policies serve as a motivator for the firm to continue to improve upon the current achievements. The study emphasizes the importance of translating organizational and individual mindfulness into organization policies and systems in order to motivate the organization to continuously improve its productivity in energy consumption, water utilization, and waste generation and recycling leading to improvements in environmental quality. 相似文献
27.
In the retail industry, backroom inventories are typically associated with higher labor costs and greater operational complexity. Thus, retailers look for ways to eliminate backroom inventories. A heuristic used for this purpose is the pack‐and‐a‐half rule which suggests that the shelf space allocated for a product should be at least 50% larger than the case pack quantity in which the product is delivered. Despite its popularity among retailers, the pack‐and‐a‐half rule has been ignored in the academic literature. We introduce the pack‐and‐a‐half rule, assess its impact on a retailer's profits, identify cost, demand, and product characteristics driving this impact, and propose a modification. Based on an analysis of data obtained from a retailer on 1,986 SKUs in 20 categories, we find that the pack‐and‐a‐half rule decreases a retailer's profits, on average, by 10% when applied uniformly across all SKUs. Further, this decrease is significantly affected by product depth, product width, demand elasticity, case pack quantity, and inventory carrying cost. Finally, we develop a set of modifications based on these variables where the pack‐and‐a‐half rule is applied selectively and in a stepwise fashion. These modifications limit the decrease in a retailer's profits to a range between 6% and 7%. 相似文献
28.
Mobile channel additions have been shown to increase consumer-brand relationships, brand satisfaction towards and overall purchasing from a retailer, but what is less apparent is whether shareholders are fully rewarded for retailers’ mobile channel additions. Results from an event study on 115 announcements relating to mobile app additions of publicly traded U.S. retail firms between 2009 and 2016 indicate that the stock market responds generally positively to mobile app additions, but specifically to the two mobile app addition types. Stock market responses to search-related and purchase-related app additions are moderated by firm size, product category, and target customer age. For announcements of search-related apps, the market responds more positively to product retailers than to service retailers, and to small firms than large ones. For announcements of purchase-related apps, the market responds less positively to firms that target younger customers than firms who do not especially target them. 相似文献
29.
《Journal of World Business》2018,53(6):781-793
Human rights (HR) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) are both fields of knowledge and research that have been shaped by, and examine, the role of multi-national enterprises in society. Whilst scholars have highlighted the overlapping nature of CSR and HR, our understanding of this relationship within business practice remains vague and under-researched. To explore the interface between CSR and HR, this paper presents empirical data from a qualitative study involving 22 international businesses based in the UK. Through an analysis based on sensemaking, the paper examines how and where CSR and HR overlap, contrast and shape one another, and the role that companies’ international operations has on this relationship. The findings reveal a complex and multi-layered relationship between the two, and concludes that in contrast to management theory, companies have bridged the ‘great divide’ in varying degrees most notably in their implementation strategies. 相似文献
30.
旅游收入是旅游经济活动的重要内容,它一方面反映了旅游者的旅游需求通过旅游经营者的旅游供给而不断得到满足,另一方面又体现着旅游产业部门和企业在产经营活动的价值运行与价值实现。旅游收入与分配是旅游经济运行的前提,对其进行考察分析,是十分重要的。本章从收入和分配两个方面入手,对旅游收入分类、指标、旅游企业收入和分配以及旅游收入乘数的作用等进行了分析和阐述。 相似文献