Study on the Distibution of Migrant Workers＇ Destination -A Case Study of Henan Province

务工目的地选择是农民工空间流动的基础,对其研究有助于在微观层面上了解农民工流动的空间规律。通过对随机分层抽样产生的河南省11个不同类型样本村的实证研究,发现务工目的地大分散、小集中,县内和省外占较大优势。务工者主要集中于东部经济较为发达的省市,中部作为务工源并未形成最核心的务工区域。影响农民工务工距离选择的主要因素是年龄、家庭人口、人均耕地、村经济发展水平、村地形、村交通、离最近城市距离、关系网络等因子。从务工目的地角度观察,在省域尺度上,综合考虑务工目的地经济发展水平和务工距离的务工引力系数在较大程度上解释了农民工对务工目的地的选择,经济较发达、距离较近的目的地是务工者的首选。     

论转基因农产品国际贸易与我国发展战略

全球生物技术产业正在蓬勃发展,各国政府都把推广生物技术、发展生物技术作为提高本国经济竞争力的重要手段,转基因农产品国际贸易是一个前沿领域,能否在这个领域取得主动,关系到整个生物产业的发展问题,采取全新的贸易战略和措施已刻不容缓,本文试图在这方面有所探讨。     

基于农业非点源污染控制的流域综合管理对策

流域综合管理是从整体上控制农业非点源污染、协调流域上下游环境经济社会发展、实现流域农业可持续发展的有效途径。本文以福建九龙江流域为例，通过分析农业非点源污染产生的系统过程、分布特征、控制环节、制约因素、控制步骤等内容，探讨以不同等级汇水区为单位实行流域综合管理的必要性，阐述了组成流域综合管理体系的经济、环境、社会政策措施。     

我国城乡差距的政策性因素分析——基于亚当·斯密城乡发展思想

市场经济理论之父亚当·斯密曾在他的不朽名著《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》一书中阐述了有关城乡发展的思想。根据亚当·斯密的城乡发展思想,对当前我国城乡差距的原因,进行了宏观政策层面上的分析,可为缩小我国城乡差距提供借鉴。     

中美农业贸易的互补性研究

采用贸易结合度指数(TCD)、出口相似度指数(SI)和贸易互补性指数(TCI)等模型,根据联合国粮农组织(FAO)、美国FAS-Online和中国海关数据库的数据,对中美两国16种主要出口农产品的互补性进行了定量分析。结果显示:(1)中美两国农业贸易依存度逐步提高,美国对中国的依赖程度高于中国对美国的依赖程度。(2)中美两国农业贸易具有良好的互补性,中国入世后两国农业贸易互补性增强。基于上述研究结论,提出了互利双赢的政策建议。     

河南省农业信息化水平评价

综合国内外学者的农业信息化评价研究成果,结合河南省农业信息化发展的实际情况,遵循数据可得性等原则,构建了包括5个一级指标、14个二级指标的河南省农业信息化水平评价指标体系,建立了河南农业信息化水平测度模型,计算了2005—2010年河南省农业信息化水平总指数。最后指出推动和制约河南省农业信息化水平提高的因素。     

An analysis of irrigated agricultural outcomes under the prior appropriation doctrine: hypotheses and applications

This article measures irrigated agricultural outcomes under the prior appropriation doctrine by developing a model of farmers’ land allocations in response to water supply change. The modelling approach considers the institutional factors of water rights and permits the inclusive determination of water and land allocations. We utilize farm-level data of irrigated agriculture in Water District #1 in Idaho to examine the predictions from our theoretical model. The water rights priority date is consolidated at the farm level and used to differentiate farmers’ responses. We test a set of hypotheses that relate to water supply and crop revenue. Our results suggest that the water rights priority has a profound impact on agricultural outcomes, indicating strong institutional effects and weak influence of market-based approaches. Farmers respond to both long-term and seasonal water supply change and variation, and they respond to seasonal water supply forecasts in varied ways depending on their water rights portfolios, thus signalling a disproportionate distribution of potential impacts of water supply change.     

From Maputo to Malabo: public agricultural spending and food security in Africa

Africa is the world’s biggest battleground in the fight against hunger. African governments and the international development community have increasingly focused on finding ways and means to end hunger and ensure the right and access to food for the continent’s burgeoning population. Public spending on agriculture is one such measure. This study examines the role government spending on agriculture has played in enhancing the state of Africa’s food security over the past 25 years. We examine the existing relationship between the two, whether this relationship varies over time and space, and whether it depends on the amount spent. We explore various aspects of food security and check whether spending on research and development follows the same patterns as the overall public agricultural spending. We find some evidence of significant beneficial effects of public agricultural spending on food security but only for the countries which allocate greater proportions of their budgets to agriculture. Spending on agricultural research and development also shows a positive impact on Africa’s food security. There also exists some evidence supporting the temporal effects of public spending. We consider that the Maputo Declaration commitment to allocate at least 10% of public spending to agriculture pertinent.     

Disparities in the financial performance of agricultural entities according to the legal form: the case of Slovakia

Financial management in agricultural enterprises is affected by a range of factors that are not present in other sectors. One of the factors that affect the performance of enterprises is the legal or organizational form of the business. In Slovakia, the specific structure of farms is different from that of almost any other member state of the European Union. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the disparities in the financial performance of agricultural enterprises according to the legal form. We analysed and compared two groups of agricultural entities, agricultural cooperatives and business companies, for the period from 2005 to 2014. Based on an analysis of the differences using mathematical and statistical methods, we can conclude that the legal forms are distinguished in all monitored parameters and our hypothesis on the differences in economic performance of agricultural entities according to legal form was confirmed.     

基于传统水乡农业文化的现代旅游区景观分析

在斗门灯笼水乡的设计中,综合利用并深度挖掘斗门区内水乡农业文化资源内涵,弘扬水乡农业文化,将乡土农业景观文化与人工景观有机生态结合,这种基于传统水乡农业文化的现代旅游区景观,将民俗文化作为农业景观的底蕴,开阔出乡土农业文化的现代旅游区新景观。