Land tenure and rental in Western Sudan

This paper reports on aspects of land tenure in western Sudan, especially the nature of tenure insecurity and the functioning of the land rental market. The active land rental market accounted for about one-third of cultivated land. Patterns of land rental transactions, and tests of the importance of insecurity in renting land, where the owner may not be able to reclaim land rented out, do not support the presumption that rental markets perform poorly. The role of the sheikh as administrator of village land, and the claims of large landowners to vast tracts, are, however, important political problems that must be resolved before attempts at ‘rationalizing’ land tenure.     

计算机对推进数学教学改革的作用

本文根据计算机的优势及它与数学教育现代化的关系,谈谈自己对在数学教学中使用计算机的几点看法。一方面是教学过程中应当如何正确地使用计算机;另一方面是为了提高教学效率和质量,充分使用现有资源(计算机)进行教学。同时应随着时代信息的快节奏变化,有必要对现行数学教材的内容做适当的修改。     

The ‘new public management’ and the reform of public services to agriculture in adjusting economies: the role of contracting

This paper outlines the conditions under which contracting of different types succeeds in the provision of public services to agriculture. It observes that performance contracting has been widely attempted in adjusting countries but generally with little success, since it is demanding of resources, flexibility and motivation in government under conditions where these are scarce. Examples are drawn from agricultural marketing. Given the largely private nature of the services to agriculture currently provided by the state, the long-term reform strategy should be market development. Contracting out and management contracting may have a role in this strategy, particularly in better managed adjusting economies.     

发展农业电子商务实现农业信息化

农业电子商务,作为先进的生产力,其潜在优势是不可忽略的。针对我国农业发展过程中面临的突出问题,提出农业电子商务是促进农业发展的强大推动力和客观需要。并研究了当前加快农业产业信息化进程中存在的困难并探讨了相应的解决策略。     

湖南农产品如何跨越绿色壁垒

湖南省作为农业大省,农产品的出口受到日益兴起的绿色壁垒的挑战。文章论述了湖南省农产品出口遭遇绿色壁垒的状况及原因,提出了湖南省农产品跨越绿色壁垒的对策。     

都市农业在城市化进程中的战略定位

都市农业作为一种新的农业发展历年,在世界各国已经受到重视并取得一定的发展,目前在我国它还刚刚起步,还不够成熟,要是都市农业健康全面地发展首先它要有明确的战略定位,文中分别从经济、社会、生态以及空间上对都市农业发展的战略环境进行了分析,然后在此基础上对它的战略定位决策提出一定的对策和建议。     

Input- and Output-Oriented Technical Efficiency of Ukrainian Collective Farms, 1989–1992: Bayesian Analysis of a Stochastic Production Frontier Model

We propose estimation of a stochastic production frontier model within a Bayesian framework to obtain the posterior distribution of single-input-oriented technical efficiency at the firm level. All computations are carried out using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. The approach is illustrated by applying it to production data obtained from a survey of Ukrainian collective farms. We show that looking at the changes in single-input-oriented technical efficiency in addition to the changes in output-oriented technical efficiency improves the understanding of the dynamics of technical efficiency over the first years of transition in the former Soviet Union.     

论流通观念创新

市场经济的实质和核心是交换经济、流通经济;流通不仅是中介,而且直接渗透到再生产的各个领域;流通不是地摊经济,现代流通也要运用高新技术,实现流通现代化;开放是流通的本质特征,市场经济的发达程度与流通的开放程度紧密相连;品牌本身是一种流通现象,品牌形象形成名牌和名牌经济,要在扩大对外开放中让中国自己的名牌走向世界。     

四化联动:小城镇发展的新思路

发展小城镇是农村城市化的必然选择，而小城镇的发展程度和水平，则依赖于农业产业化、农村工业化、农业人口知识化及城市化的互动作用。为了使农村城镇化有质的飞跃，必须以工业理念管理现代农业，以园区管理理念整合农村工业，以育人理念提高人口素质，以城市管理理念提升城镇水平。     

论大学生法律意识现代化的培养

大学生法律意识现代化的内容包括法治观念、权利观念、契约意识、尚法意识、平等意识等。大学生法律意识现代化的培养途径有学校教育、家庭影响、法学研究育、大众传播媒介和司法实践等。