新疆农村产业融合发展研究

现运用面板回归模型结合产值贡献度的方法评价了新疆农村产业融合度,结果表明,新疆农业与农产品加工业融合度、农业与农业服务业融合度均较低。通过地理信息可视化表达发现,新疆农村产业融合度且存在明显的区域差异。最后,结合新疆农村产业融合发展所面临的困境,提出了需要完善农业教育服务体系;培育区域特色品牌;加强对各种利益联结方式的监督引导等建议。     

Agriculture–nutrition linkages with heterogeneous,unobserved returns and costs: Insights from Tajikistan

Agriculture–nutrition linkages (ANLs) have been increasingly investigated in the literature. However, nutritional returns and costs of household agricultural production practices (APPs) in semisubsistence settings are poorly understood. We fill these knowledge gaps using pooled cross-section data sets in Tajikistan, where semisubsistence farming and undernutrition coexist despite relatively good agricultural infrastructure and education systems. Agricultural diversification, yield enhancement, production expansion are positively associated with various nutritional outcomes, particularly in areas with poor food market access. Decomposition exercises suggest that nutritional returns and costs of these APPs vary across households, and the adoption of APPs is driven by the expected nutritional returns. In Tajikistan, improving nutrition through household ANLs requires growing the smallholder agricultural sector in multiple dimensions, including diversification, intensification, and expansion, while also understanding better the pathways of ANLs and addressing bottlenecks at appropriate stages of such pathways.     

Farming systems and Conservation Agriculture: Technology,structures and agency in Malawi

Conservation Agriculture (CA) is advocated as an agricultural innovation that will improve smallholder famer resilience to future climate change. Under the conditions presented by the El Niño event of 2015/16, the implementation of CA was examined in southern Malawi at household, district and national institutional levels. Agricultural system constraints experienced by farming households are identified, and in response the technologies, structures and agency associated with CA are evaluated. The most significant constraints were linked to household health, with associated labour and monetary impacts, in addition to the availability of external inputs of fertiliser and improved seed varieties. Our findings show that such constraints are not adequately addressed through current agricultural system support structures, with the institutions surrounding CA (in both Government extension services and NGO agricultural projects) focusing attention predominantly at field level practice, rather than on broader system constraints such as education and health support systems. Limited capacity within local institutions undermines long term efforts to implement new technologies such as CA. It is vitally important that the flexibility of farmers to adapt new technologies in a locally-appropriate manner is not closed down through national and institutional aims to build consensus around narrow technical definitions of a climate-smart technology such as CA. To enable farmers to fully utilise CA programmes, interventions must take a more holistic, cross-sectoral approach, understanding and adapting to address locally experienced constraints. Building capacity within households to adopt new agricultural practices is critical, and integrating healthcare support into agricultural policy is a vital step towards increasing smallholder resilience to future climate change.     

绿色农产品消费行为影响因素分析及行为调查

绿色农产品供给是适应消费升级的一个重要路径,是农产品高质量提升的一个重要形态.中国农业资源产出有限且各类消费品都面临消费升级压力,探讨绿色农产品的消费行为影响因素对优化绿色农产品供给、提升农产品供给质量、增加消费有积极意义.通过影响区域绿色农产品消费的因素识别,以消费者购买决策的过程关键变量调查研究对象,通过经济欠发达...     

对我国取消农业税的几点思考

取消农业税对于解决“三农”问题的作用是值得肯定的,我们除了感到欢欣鼓舞之外,更多的应有几分更深层次的思考。解决“三农”问题绝不仅仅是取消农业税本身,而是一项复杂的系统工程。     

基于城市群生成视角的都市农业发展研究--以长株潭为例

随着城市化水平不断提高,我国将进入城市群快速建设期。如何促进地理位置相近、交通便捷的城市间融合,是一个值得探讨的问题。实践表明,都市农业作为一种崭新的现代农业形态,在促进城市群生成、实现城乡融合工农互动方面意义重大。文章以长株潭为例,分析了都市农业的促进作用,剖析了发展都市农业的优势条件,对城市群生成期都市农业建设框架进行了设计,并提出若干发展对策。     

退耕还林对延安地区农业经济的影响

对延安地区11个农业县退耕前后耕地/播种总面积、种植业结构、农业投入、粮食、油料产量与单产量以及农民年均纯收入的变化进行了研究,探讨了退耕还林对延安地区农业经济的影响及其作用机制。退耕还林优化了农村的种植业结构与产业结构,全面带动了农村经济的发展。但仍然存在着一些亟待解决的问题,并给农村经济带来了一定的负面影响。     

资源枯竭型城市解决就业问题的新途径——以阜新市为例

我国资源枯竭型城市众多,就业形势十分严峻.辽宁省阜新市作为国务院确定的全国资源枯竭型城市经济转型的第一个试点,安置下岗失业矿工再就业最具有特色的渠道是发展都市农业.总结和肯定了阜新市的做法是资源枯竭型城市解决就业问题一条新途径、新规律,阐述了其他同类城市应该如何借鉴阜新市解决就业问题的经验.     

国学大师章太炎经济思想论析

国学大师章太炎是坚定的重农论者,他曾明确指出农业是工商业发展的前提并要求改革中国近代的土地制度,但其基本主张前后不一,即原先赞同孙中山的平均地权纲领,后来却否定之.他也是典型的金属货币论者,但其金属主义货币理论经历了一个逐步发展成熟的演进过程.他不仅主张实行一些兼顾税负公平和财政增收需要的征税举措,也主张谨慎对待外债,却又因为一度追随袁世凯的政治立场而错误地批评黄兴为维护中国主权而倡办国民捐以防止袁氏政府滥借外债的正确主张.他还能够辩证地看待侈靡式消费,并就民国初年东北经济的振兴提出了具体的对策.     

“三农”——中国现代化发展的机遇与挑战

中国是一个农业人口占绝大多数的"乡土国家",在其现代化发展过程中必然要面对"三农问题",能否有效解决"三农问题"是中国现代化成功与否的一个重大挑战。文章试图在"后发"国家的发展定位和全球化背景下结合中国的具体国情,探索出一条融合"乡土"工业化、渐进式城市化和新农村建设的有中国特色的现代化道路。