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121.
论中国审计资源配置方式的特殊性及其优化 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
审计资源配置的目标以社会需求为导向,以效益性为核心。审计资源配置的方式应是计划与市场相结合。并从宏观与微观两个层面,制定审计资源配置的具体优化措施。 相似文献
122.
资源约束与地区经济收敛——基于资源稀缺性与资源配置力的考察 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文从资源稀缺性出发,提出并运用资源配置力这一新的分析工具,对2003年以来中国所面临的经济增长、资源约束与区域经济变动状况作了分析。结果表明,市场供求关系变化导致资源稀缺的结构性变迁与地域性转移,使地区资源配置力与经济竞争力发展相应变动。东部沿海能源与矿产等资源短缺地区备受资源约束递增的压力;中西部尤其是能源与矿产等资源富集地区资源配置力与经济竞争力明显递增,从而出现地区经济收敛趋势。 相似文献
123.
Chance Constrained Programming Formulations for Stochastic Characterizations of Efficiency and Dominance in DEA 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8
Cooper William W. Huang Zhimin Lelas Vedran Li Susan X. Olesen Ole B. 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》1998,9(1):53-79
Pareto-Koopmans efficiency in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is extended to stochastic inputs and outputs via probabilistic input-output vector comparisons in a given empirical production (possibility) set. In contrast to other approaches which have used Chance Constrained Programming formulations in DEA, the emphasis here is on joint chance constraints. An assumption of arbitrary but known probability distributions leads to the P-Model of chance constrained programming. A necessary condition for a DMU to be stochastically efficient and a sufficient condition for a DMU to be non-stochastically efficient are provided. Deterministic equivalents using the zero order decision rules of chance constrained programming and multivariate normal distributions take the form of an extended version of the additive model of DEA. Contacts are also maintained with all of the other presently available deterministic DEA models in the form of easily identified extensions which can be used to formalize the treatment of efficiency when stochastic elements are present. 相似文献
124.
Joaquim Silvestre 《Economic Theory》2002,20(2):413-425
Summary. Starr (1973) showed that, if people have different subjective probabilities, ex ante and ex post efficiency conflict. Conversely, under the simple preferences that he considered, the discrepancy between ex ante and ex post efficiency disappears when subjective probabilities are identical. Here I consider identical subjective probabilities, but
more general preferences. First, risk attraction is admitted. Second, I dispense with the double requirement (dubbed IZU)
of additive separability and state-independence of the utility of zero-date consumption, an unrealistic requirement when modeling
the investment in durable goods. I find that, under IZU, and as long as ex post preferences satisfy the natural assumption of quasiconcavity (and satisfy some technical qualifications), an ex ante efficient allocation is indeed ex post efficient, but the converse is not necessarily true under risk attraction. If, on the other hand, IZU is violated, then one
can have ex ante efficient allocations that are not ex post efficient, and vice-versa, even under risk aversion.
Received: June 25, 1999; revised version: March 2001 相似文献
125.
Despite the abundant research on material flows and the growing recognition of the need to dematerialize the economy, business enterprises are still not making the best possible use of the many opportunities for material efficiency improvements. This article proposes one possible solution: material efficiency services provided by outside suppliers. It also introduces a conceptual framework for the analysis of different business models for eco-efficient services and applies the framework to material efficiency services. Four business models are outlined and their feasibility is studied from an empirical vantage point. In contrast to much of the previous research, special emphasis is laid on the financial aspects. It appears that the most promising business models are ‘material efficiency as additional service’ and ‘material flow management service’. Depending on the business model, prominent material efficiency service providers differ from large companies that offer multiple products and/or services to smaller, specialized providers. Potential clients (users) typically lack the resources (expertise, management's time or initial funds) to conduct material efficiency improvements themselves. Customers are more likely to use material efficiency services that relate to support materials or side-streams rather than those that are at the core of production. Potential client organizations with a strategy of outsourcing support activities and with experience of outsourcing are more keen to use material efficiency services. 相似文献
126.
127.
Recently, applications of cooperative game theory to economic allocation problems have gained popularity. We investigate a
class of cooperative games that generalizes some economic applications with a similar structure. These are the so-called line-graph
games being cooperative TU-games in which the players are linearly ordered. Examples of situations that can be modeled like
this are sequencing situations and water distribution problems. We define four properties with respect to deleting edges that
each selects a unique component efficient solution on the class of line-graph games. We interpret these solutions and properties
in terms of dividend distributions, and apply them to economic situations.
This research has been done while the third author was visiting Tinbergen Institute at the Free University, Amsterdam. The
research is part of the Research Programme “Strategic and Cooperative Decision Making” at the Department of Econometrics.
Financial support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) in the framework of the Russian-Dutch programme
for scientific cooperation, is gratefully acknowledged. The third author also appreciates partial financial support from the
Russian Leading Scientific Schools Fund (grant 80.2003.6) and Russian Humanitarian Scientific Fund (grant 02-02-00189a). We
thank three anonymous referees for their valuable comments. 相似文献
128.
We consider the problem of allocating a set of indivisible objects to agents in a fair and efficient manner. In a recent paper, Bogomolnaia and Moulin consider the case in which all agents have strict preferences, and propose the probabilistic serial (PS) mechanism; they define a new notion of efficiency, called ordinal efficiency, and prove that the probabilistic serial mechanism finds an envy-free ordinally efficient assignment. However, the restrictive assumption of strict preferences is critical to their algorithm. Our main contribution is an analogous algorithm for the full preference domain in which agents are allowed to be indifferent between objects. Our algorithm is based on a reinterpretation of the PS mechanism as an iterative algorithm to compute a “flow” in an associated network. In addition we show that on the full preference domain it is impossible for even a weak strategyproof mechanism to find a random assignment that is both ordinally efficient and envy-free. 相似文献
129.
Policies such as the SEC’s Fair Disclosure Rule, and technologies such as SEC EDGAR, aim to disseminate corporate disclosures
to a wider audience of investors in risky assets. In this study, we adopt an experimental approach to measure whether this
wider disclosure is beneficial to these investors. Price-clearing equilibrium models based on utility maximization and non-revealing
and fully-revealing prices predict that in a pure exchange economy, an arbitrary trader would prefer that no investors are
informed rather than all are informed; non-revealing theory further predicts that an arbitrary trader would prefer a situation
in which all traders are informed rather than half the traders are informed. These predictions can be summarized as “None
> All > Half”. A laboratory study was conducted to test these predictions. Where previous studies have largely focused on
information dissemination and its effects on equilibrium price and insider profits, we focus instead on traders’ expected
utility, as measured by their preferences for markets in which none, half, or all traders are informed. Our experimental result
contradicts the prediction and indicates “Half > None > All”, i.e. subjects favor a situation where a random half is informed.
The implication is that in addition to testing predictions of price equilibrium, experiments should also be used to verify
analytical welfare predictions of expected utility under different policy choices.
JEL Classification D82, D53, G14, L86
This work was largely completed while this author was at The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. 相似文献
130.
It is recommended for economists to examine China’s Urban-Rural disparity from the perspective of transaction efficiency,
in that it can provide us with a systematic explanation to both the cases of different countries and development stages. China’s
Urban-Rural disparity is special and virtually a demonstration of its special transaction efficiency structure. Exploration
of China’s Urban-Rural disparity from such perspective indicates that, different from those in countries with a market economy,
China’s case involves many exogenous and contrived factors. Therefore, the solutions are to improve the whole transaction
efficiency in the economy, which includes eliminating its regionally unfavorable policies and institutions, and enforcing
more favorable and regionally balanced institutional reforms.
__________
Translated from Fudan Journal (复旦学报, Social Science Edition), 2006, (1) (in Chinese) 相似文献