《艺概·诗概》理路、使命及得失谈

从清诗及清代社会思潮的大背景考察《艺概.诗概》的使命,从中国文化的深厚背景找寻刘熙载诗评的理路,从清儒与宋儒的关系考察刘熙载之所失,是捕捉《艺概.诗概》目的的基本手法。     

“深圳奇迹”形成的实证研究——兼及五大综合性特区发展因素的差异性解释

深圳经济特区创造了世界工业化、城市化、现代化建设的奇迹,为我国改革开放作出了重要贡献。深圳奇迹的产生并不是历史的偶然,具有多方面的因素。从理论上主要有特区先行先试的政策优势、独特的对外发展的区位优势,而最重要的是转型时期的改革家和改革家精神的作用。基于深圳数据和其它特区比较的实证研究发现,“深圳奇迹”的产生根源于制度的创新和技术进步。而制度创新和技术进步差异的背后是改革家与改革家精神、企业家与企业家精神的禀赋差异。     

Situating the wildlife spectacle: ecofeminism,representation, and polar bear tourism

This paper presents a critical investigation of power relations circulating in promotional materials associated with polar bear tourism in Churchill, Manitoba, Canada. Drawing on precepts of ecofeminism, critical discourse analysis, and the content of cultural texts (websites, souvenirs) produced by tourism operators, businesses, and crown corporations, the study interprets how representations of polar bears re-inscribe regimes of truth that marginalize non-human animal others and are complicit with patriarchal ideologies. Focus in our analysis is placed first, on illustrating the portrayal of “performing spectacle bears” – a socially constructed subjectivity designed to serve the desires of wildlife tourism producers and consumers – and, second, on diagnosing the privileged discourses that work to maintain and normalize this construction, along with the interspecies dynamics they support. In effect, the paper sheds light on the complex and recurrent effects of anthropocentric and instrumentalist orientations in tourism, including their contingency upon masculine systems of value and rationality. The paper also points out the potential of ecofeminist ethics of care for enhancing interspecies relationships in sustainable tourism.     

Chinese tourists' views of nature and natural landscape interpretation: a generational perspective

This study investigates Chinese tourists’ views of nature, interest in animal experiences and their preferred natural landscape interpretation content from a generational perspective. Eight hundred and eight self-administered questionnaires were collected at Wulingyuan, a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site, in China. It suggests that overall Chinese traditional cultural values and beliefs, notably the thinking of tian ren he yi (oneness of nature with humans), still have considerable impacts on Chinese tourists. They were found to have a strong sense of connection with nature and a preference for cultural interpretations of natural landscapes. Meanwhile, Chinese might be reaching a point of convergence in terms of attitude towards nature and animals with their Western counterparts, as reflected by their weak anthropocentric view, and strong ethical and aesthetic appreciation of animals, regardless of generation cohorts. Yet, the study shows significant generational gaps: older generations have a stronger connection with nature, are more concerned about environmental issues and show more support for the Western approach towards nature protection; the younger generations hold weaker anthropocentrism, and are more interested in animals, yet are less likely to learn about nature through tourism interpretation.     

Unethical use of wildlife in tourism: what's the problem,who is responsible,and what can be done?

Wildlife tourism is a huge global market, the revenue from which can promote local livelihoods and tourist education, enact conservation, and improve animal welfare. Such benefits arise if wildlife tourist attractions (WTAs) prioritise ethical deliverables above financial profit, but recent work has shown that the majority of WTAs have substantial negative animal welfare and conservation impacts. In the absence of global regulatory authorities, tourist revenue has become the ultimate arbiter of what constitutes acceptable use of animals in WTAs. Tourists, however, are not adequate assessors of WTAs’ animal welfare and conservation impacts: they lack the specialist knowledge required and are subject to a number of psychological biases that obscure the ethical dimensions of decisions to attend particular WTAs. This inadequacy is evidenced, and compounded, by overwhelmingly positive reviews on TripAdvisor (the industry-leading review site), even for WTAs with objectively poor ethical standards. Our suggested solution is to empower tourists by presenting unequivocal assessments of WTAs' animal welfare and conservation impacts, hosted in the fora that tourists already use to make their travel decisions. We would thereby promote a subjective norm that tourists should consider and limit their individual negative impacts when choosing which WTAs to visit.     

Proximity and animal welfare in the context of tourist interactions with habituated dolphins

The long-term sustainability of wildlife tourism depends on integrating visitor demands with resource management, requiring an understanding of tourist motivation. Managing the conflict between access to the animals and welfare, however, may diminish the experience for tourists. This paper identifies trade-offs tourists are willing to make between access and animal welfare, associated with feeding habituated bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) in Monkey Mia, Western Australia. Using a choice modelling technique, we were able to determine monetary values of visitor experiences. Compared to the current guaranteed interaction with dolphins (and a daily resort entrance fee), respondents were willing to pay significantly higher hypothetical entrance fees to avoid a decrease in proximity to, or probability of, the dolphin interaction. However, negative impacts on dolphin welfare had a negative impact on visitor utility. Over 80% of visitors (n = 244) accepted management regulations resulting in decreased time with and proximity to dolphins, if those addressed welfare concerns and were communicated clearly. Thus, while visitors placed the greatest value on the proximity and predictability, they were willing to trade off these aspects if they improved dolphin welfare. We provide management suggestions based on these results.     

国际贸易中的动物福利问题研究及我国的对策

动物福利的出现,一方面是经济发展和社会进步的表现;另一方面,是由于发达国家和发展中国家之间存在着巨大的差异。文章对动物福利和动物福利壁垒内涵作深入的剖析,从市场准入限制、产业竞争力影响和贸易抑制影响等方面分析了动物福利壁垒所产生的经济效应;指出动物福利壁垒对我国出口贸易的影响越来越明显。因此,正确认识动物福利问题、增强动物福利意识、加强动物福利立法、建立预警机制、改革农牧业的生产方式、加大投入和依法抵制新贸易保护主义是我国应对动物福利壁垒的主要策略和措施。     

种养殖业保险发展问题分析

农业是国民经济的根基。但是占农业较大比重的种养殖业保险发展比较滞后的问题,削弱了保险服务经济社会的功效。虽然国家实施了一系列的政策性保险,但是种养殖业保险面临的风险较大、管理较弱、人才紧缺、环境不优的问题,限制了这一领域保险的健康快速发展。本文提出,现阶段要通过科学确立其发展模式,建立有效的风险分担机制,加强管理、优化环境,实现种养殖业保险的又好又快发展,服务农业产业发展大局。     

内蒙古生态农牧业产业模式研究

通过设计内蒙古生态农牧产业模式,探索农牧区经济可持续发展的有效途径,有望对内蒙古生态环境与农村牧区经济可持续协调发展起到推动作用。     

讨论法在《动物法律法规》课程教学中的意义及模式探讨

讨论课是提高《动物法律法规》教学效果的重要方式之一,它不仅能提高学生学习兴趣,巩固和加深所学知识,而且能培养和提高学生的多种能力,并促进教学相长。真正意义上的讨论模式需通过"教师-学生1-学生2-学生3……教师"这样的方式展开。为取得良好教学效果,讨论课上需要教师提出真正抓住学生心思的发问,并要求教师对学生的回答采取宽容的态度。