农牧结合型草原畜牧业发展模式探索——以新疆为例

新疆拥有丰富的草地资源,广袤草原之中穿插分布着大量的灌溉绿洲,有得天独厚的农牧结合条件。本文在农牧结合草原畜牧业发展模式的内涵界定基础上,结合新疆草原畜牧业和种植业发展实际,论证了可供选择的农牧结合方式,并对农牧结合型草原畜牧业集约化经营进行了设计,最后,提出了相应的支持条件与保障措施。本文对新疆草原畜牧业发展的体制机制创新和草原资源可持续利用,具有一定的决策参考价值。     

Wildlife tourism in Latin America: taxonomy and conservation status

Abstract

We provide an initial insight into the extent, occurrence and characteristics of wildlife tourism involving close interactions with free-ranging, non-domesticated, animals outside of formal captive environments across Latin America. Using information provided online via TripAdvisor, we found this type of tourism was occurring across the region (advertised on 249 wildlife tourist attraction webpages across 21 countries) and involved a diverse range of wild animals (73 species, including 19 currently considered as threatened by the IUCN). Opportunities for direct contact with wild animals were particularly prevalent (54% of all surveyed webpages). Despite the potential economic benefits, studies have indicated that these types of ecotourism are potentially having net negative impacts on wildlife conservation and welfare. Mammals classified as Least Concern featured most commonly in tourist photos, but our analyses suggest that mammals and species classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List were most likely to occur in these types of wildlife tourist attractions (WTAs). Amphibians and species classified on the IUCN Red List as Data Deficient or Critically Endangered were least likely. Given the growing nature of the wildlife tourism sector, we provide recommendations to help effectively balance and manage wider wildlife protection goals and growing tourist interest in wildlife.     

Australian Exports of Horticultural Crops with Special Reference to Fresh Citrus Fruits

Abstract

Exports of horticultural products, in particular fresh citrus fruits, are becoming increasingly important in terms of export earnings for Australia. However, Australian fresh citrus exports account for about 12 per cent of the total production of citrus. About 57 per cent of total exports is sold on Asian markets. The purpose of this study is to examine the problems and prospects for fresh citrus exports on world markets and, in particular, in the Asian region. The findings of the study reveal that higher freight and labour costs have made Australian citrus less competitive on world markets. Thus, producers have an incentive to sell over 80 percent of the total production of citrus on domestic markets. However, there is scope for greater market opportunities in the Asia-Pacific region for Australian fresh citrus fruits. Australia should increase the yield per tree, improve the quality of citrus fruits and identify the need for market promotion and research in order to increase the volume of citrus exports on world markets, especially in the Asia-Pacific region.     

美国突发动物疫情应急管理对中国的启示

我国已将突发动物疫情纳入应急管理范畴,也形成了基本的应急管理机制,但还不够完善,在实践中仍存在问题。文章介绍了美国在动物疫情应急管理、动物防疫、动物疫情预警预报以及兽医管理体系的做法,认为我国可借鉴美国的成功经验。     

基于Petri网的母鸡转舍业务流程建模优化研究

选择农牧养殖业中的母鸡转舍这一业务流程建立Petri网模型,并对模型进行分析计算,找出时间瓶颈,依据ECRS原则提出优化方案,利用流程周期时间指标评价优化前后流程的效率,比较表明该模型在农牧养殖业务流程优化中是非常有效的。     

Do shocks to animal spirits cause output fluctuations?

We evaluate whether shocks to “animal spirits” affect real outcomes at business cycle frequencies, using data on consumer confidence and region- and state-level coincident activity indexes in a vector autoregression (VAR) with long run restrictions. We assume that animal spirits shocks do not affect the long run level of activity. Innovations in fundamentals explain most variation in the level of activity, but animal spirits have economically significant effects at business cycle frequencies. A positive innovation in animal spirits causes real activity to rise by between 0.2 and 0.6% in the medium term, and animal spirits may explain up to about half of real fluctuations in the medium run.     

园林砌块小建筑中的方钢梁柱加固施工法

物园小建筑用砌块更好,简便易行,在园林坡地上建造较为节省,用方钢构架焊牢在砌块洞中,成为梁、柱连接加固体系,替代山体中的现浇混凝土笼舍,简化了施工,是动物界饲养笼舍的推广性设计方式。     

Monetary Policy Rules in an Open Economy with Heuristics: Which Model Is Best?

The choices of policy targets and the formation of agents’ expectation have been critical issues for reconsidering monetary policy management since 2008. The purpose of this article is to evaluate macroeconomic stability in a New Keynesian open economy in which agents experience cognitive limitations. The (im)perfect credibility of various monetary policies (e.g., a Taylor-type rule, strict domestic inflation targeting, strict CPI inflation targeting, exchange rate peg) may lead agents to react according to their expectation rules, and then create various degrees of booms and busts in output and inflation. Therefore, relaxation of the rational expectation hypothesis has potential consequences for policy designs. Our simulations confirm that the business cycles induced by animal spirits are enhanced by strict inflation targeting. Furthermore, a Taylor-type (CPI or domestic inflation) rule or a credible exchange rate pegging system can improve social welfare and stability in an open economy.     

Pasture-Raised Milk: The Market for a Differentiated Product

Pasture-raised (PR) milk is a specialty product that could feasibly be produced by economically challenged dairy farms. Our goal was to profile the milk market using an internet survey to identify potential future consumers of PR milk. There were 611 U.S. respondents that were divided into three categories as types of milk consumers: those who only purchased conventional milk in the past year (CONV), those who only purchased non-conventional milk (such as organic, PR, or natural milk) in the past year (NONCONV), and those who purchased both conventional and non-conventional milk in the past year (MIXED). MIXED and NONCONV agreed or strongly agreed with PR milk benefits substantially more than CONV. PR milk was also valued by NONCONV and MIXED in purchasing intentions, but not nearly as much as organic milk. In addition, CONV valued PR milk in purchasing intentions more than organic milk. Results suggest that PR milk can be successfully positioned to appeal to MIXED and perhaps some CONV, potentially increasing sales or market share.     

浅析“本杰士堆”在动物展馆生态景观营造中的应用

应用"本杰士堆"的原理进行重庆动物园动物展馆生态化景观的营造,可为动物展馆获得显著的景观展示和丰富效果,对于改善动物的生存条件,满足动物日常的生活行为需要,提高动物的生活质量,将起到重要的作用。