西部地区基本公共服务均等化战略研究——基于统筹区域发展视野

基本公共服务均等化是社会公正的重要体现,也是构建社会主义和谐社会的目标之一。当前,西部地区在基础教育、基本医疗、基本社会保障等基本公共服务方面与东部地区存在明显差距。提升国家整体基本公共服务,促进西部地区基本公共服务均等化是重点和难点。基于国家统筹区域发展的战略,文章对西部地区基本公共服务均等化提出了对策建议。     

国外城乡统筹发展的做法与经验

不论是发达国家还是发展中国家,在其工业起步及工业化、城市化发展阶段,城乡居民之间存在着明显的收入差距,而且这种差距在一定时期会持续扩张,这是一种普遍现象。这种现象直接导致二元经济结构的形成,即工业成为相对发达的产业,而农业则相对落后,其直接表现除了收入差距外,还表现为农村居民的生活水平、享受的公共服务、个人发展机会也极大地落后于城市居民。面对上述现实或可能的趋势,不同的国家或地区均采取了一些措施,以解决二元经济结构问题,实现城乡统筹发展的目标或结果。该文首先对西方城乡统筹发展理论的演进进行归纳总结,其次以发达和发展中国家为例分析概括城乡统筹发展的现状及其做法,最后给出对我国城乡统筹发展的借鉴经验。     

Will artificial intelligence replace human customer service? The impact of communication quality and privacy risks on adoption intention

In the digital environment, chatbots as customer service agents assist consumers in decision making. Based on the computers-are-social-actors paradigm, this study examines the perceived differences in communication quality and privacy risks between different service agents and their impact on consumers' adoption intention, and investigates whether these perceived differences might depend on differences in the user's human interaction need. A series of five scenario-based experiments were carried out to collect data and test hypotheses. It was discovered that: different types of service agents directly affect consumers' adoption intention; perceived communication quality and privacy risk mediate the effect of service agent type on adoption intention; the effects of service agent type on perceived accuracy, communicative competence, and privacy risk are moderated by the need for human interaction. The findings of this study provide important insights into the rational use of human−computer interacation in e-commerce.     

Do rival political parties enforce government efficiency? Evidence from Canada 1867–2021

This paper investigates the role of inter-party rivalry in enhancing federal government efficiency in post-Confederation Canada. It tests and finds confirmation in the data for two hypotheses. The first is that the ex post size of the first versus second seat share margin is a useful metric for the ineffectiveness of political parties in policing the incumbent's spending behaviour over its period of tenure. The second is the hypothesis that shirking by the incumbent governing party is decreased by greater expected electoral contestability and expected contestability is related to the effective number of competing parties (ENPSeats) nonmonotonically. In this regard the results suggest that contestability in Canada reaches a maximum when the incumbent faces a value of ENPSeats that is closer to 2.5 than Duverger's 2.     

Purchasing orchestration practices – Introducing a purchasing-innovation framework

This research investigates the purchasing role in enhancing an organization's innovation performance. Taking a purchasing perspective, this research introduces a new purchasing-innovation framework and specific purchasing orchestration (PO) practices related to the acquisition, integration, re-configuration, and commercialization of critical resources to enhance innovation performance. A theory elaboration methodology is applied to broaden the scope of resource orchestration theory (ROT) and introduce PO practices as an essential enabler of innovation. Qualitative interviews with managers from different industries enrich the theory elaboration process. This research contributes to theory by developing the concept of PO and enhancing the theoretical understanding of its meaning. Based on theory and empirical data, this research elucidates the PO practices of resource structuring, bundling, and leveraging support. The purchasing innovation framework explains how open-mindedness and technological uncertainty influence purchasing orchestration practices and innovation performance. Purchasing managers benefit from this research by learning to identify and address potential PO capability gaps and take a holistic perspective on resource management, looking both upstream and downstream in the supply chain.     

Can microcredit reduce vulnerability to poverty? Evidence from rural Vietnam

Extant literature has extensively explored microcredit's impacts, confirming its essential role in poverty alleviation. However, most studies focus on poverty measures that exclusively emphasize current poverty status without adequately addressing the potential of falling into or remaining in poverty. Furthermore, the role of credit services in helping the poor in rural areas appears to be underexamined in the literature. To address this knowledge gap, this study investigates whether rural microcredit can reduce household vulnerability to poverty. A theoretical framework is developed to capture the mechanism by which microcredit borrowing has a vital role in household businesses and impacts the probability of being poor in the future. The Vietnam Access to Resources Household Survey data set from 2008 to 2016 is used to explore this issue. The findings indicate that rural Vietnam's access to microcredit significantly reduces vulnerability to poverty. Moreover, better-off households are seemingly the most effective at using microcredit, whereas the opposite is found among worse-off households. These results are found to be robust using the propensity score matching method.     

外方在线课程质量评价研究——以学生、教师评价为中心

随着互联网教育时代的到来，在线课程的推广普及已成为全球教育改革发展的热点。结合国内外多个在线课程质量评价标准，基于BERT-LDA-TextRank(基于TextRank算法的双向Transformer编码器结合隐含狄利克雷分配的模型）与结构方程模型，分别构建“以学生评价为中心”和“以教师（同行、督导）评价为中心”的外方在线课程质量评价指标体系及模型，实现对外方在线课程的多级评价并以学生-教师多视角分析互相佐证，为教学监督及教务管理部门制定具有可操作性的外方在线课程质量监管与评估文件提供行动指南。     

大客户兼供应商与企业融资约束

基于2009—2021年我国沪深A股上市公司前五大客户与供应商的信息数据，探究大客户兼是主要供应商这一特殊情形对企业融资约束的影响及其作用机制。研究发现，大客户兼供应商的存在会加剧企业融资约束，且这一效应对于非国有控股和非制造业企业以及当该类客户销售占比低于采购占比和与企业位于同一行业时更为显著。机制检验结果表明，关联交易是大客户兼供应商加剧企业融资约束的作用渠道，而非财务造假行为和真实经营模式带来的弱势市场地位和高经营效率，表明大客户兼主要供应商在我国情境下是一种供应链风险信号，其背后往往隐藏着关联交易，这不仅拓展了学术界和实务界对企业大客户与供应商的认知，也从供应链视角为我国企业“融资难、融资贵”提供了新的解释。