The Fundamental Theorem of Asset Pricing under Proportional Transaction Costs in Finite Discrete Time

We prove a version of the Fundamental Theorem of Asset Pricing, which applies to Kabanov's modeling of foreign exchange markets under transaction costs. The financial market is described by a   d × d   matrix-valued stochastic process  (Π _t ) ^T _{t =0}  specifying the mutual bid and ask prices between d assets. We introduce the notion of "robust no arbitrage," which is a version of the no-arbitrage concept, robust with respect to small changes of the bid-ask spreads of  (Π _t ) ^T _{t =0}  . The main theorem states that the bid-ask process  (Π _t ) ^T _{t =0}  satisfies the robust no-arbitrage condition iff it admits a strictly consistent pricing system. This result extends the theorems of Harrison-Pliska and Kabanov-Stricker pertaining to the case of finite Ω, as well as the theorem of Dalang, Morton, and Willinger and Kabanov, Rásonyi, and Stricker, pertaining to the case of general Ω. An example of a  5 × 5  -dimensional process  (Π _t )² _{t =0}  shows that, in this theorem, the robust no-arbitrage condition cannot be replaced by the so-called strict no-arbitrage condition, thus answering negatively a question raised by Kabanov, Rásonyi, and Stricker.     

通过多阶段接近的技术价值评价及模型开发

本文分析了基本的技术价值评价模型,为克服其问题和局限,提出多阶段评价方法,试图接近技术的实际价值。在第一阶段利用DC模型计算工作价值;第二阶段假设在工作价值中无形资产占据的比例按工作类型不同,而推算出无形资产对工作价值的支持度;第三阶段测定技术在整个工作价值中占据的比例;第四阶段为了反映出未来收益的不确定性,而适用了实物选择性模型。这不仅克服了基本评价模型的问题和局限,而且更能接近高不确定性的技术资产的实际价值。     

Foreign listings, corporate governance, and equity valuations

This paper analyzes the impact of foreign listing on equity valuations and relates it to an improvement in corporate governance. It documents abnormal returns around the announcement to list foreign shares on the London Stock Exchange. These are partially explained by a reduction of agency costs that is consistent with the enhanced monitoring and investor protection that prevail in a superior information and legal environment. The results are consistent with predictions derived from theoretical models of agency costs and illustrate an interesting implication of more open global equity markets.     

Why do buyers share knowledge with suppliers in new product development? current and alternative supplier antecedents

Purpose: Interfirm knowledge sharing has been well recognized to activate the performance and competitiveness improvement of the firms. Previous research has discussed the impacts of current suppliers on buyer–supplier knowledge sharing, but does not explain how this influence occurs. This study aims to disclose the mechanism by which both current and competing suppliers impact buyer–supplier knowledge sharing in buyers’ new product development activities.

Methodology/approach: This study proposed a conceptual model based on relational exchange theory and developed eight hypotheses. Questionnaire survey was used to collect empirical data from R&D staff of Taiwanese electronics firms. This study distributed 1,475 questionnaires and received 246 eligible questionnaires. Structural equation modeling was used to test and verify appropriateness of the proposed model.

Findings: The findings show that current supplier asset specificity positively and directly influences buyer–supplier knowledge sharing in new product development. The current supplier asset specificity also has indirect positive influence on buyer–supplier knowledge sharing in new product development via the mediating effects of buyer trust, satisfaction, and commitment. However, the attractiveness of alternative suppliers only indirectly and negatively affects buyer–supplier knowledge sharing via the mediating effects of buyer trust, satisfaction, and commitment.

Research limitations/implications: This study surveyed the firms in Taiwanese electronics industry. Nevertheless, new product development activities are executed by electronics firms in numerous countries and firms in various industries. For validating the generalization of this study’s results, future research can investigate firms in other industries and countries to verify the proposed model and hypotheses.

Practical implications: Current suppliers’ asset specificity is found to exert more influence on buyer–supplier knowledge sharing than alternative attractiveness. The findings imply that current suppliers should focus on investing specific assets for buyers other than stress the attractiveness and threat of competing suppliers.

Originality/value/contribution: This study initiates to approach the antecedents and influence mechanism of current buyer–supplier knowledge sharing via both perspectives of current and competing suppliers.     

EXISTENCE OF A NONNEGATIVE EQUILIBRIUM PRICE VECTOR IN THE MEAN-VARIANCE CAPITAL MARKET

We derive a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a nonnegative equilibrium price vector under which the total demand and supply of each asset balances in the standard mean-variance capital market. Also, we give an explicit formula for such a price vector. This formula shows that the price of assets is an increasing function of , the weighted average of the requested rate of return of individual investors, which tends to infinity as approaches the expected rate of return on the market portfolio. Further, we construct a macroeconomic index which gives information about the soundness of the capital market.     

外资并购上市公司的利弊分析

在我国,外资并购上市公司始于20世纪90年代初,但当时由于各方面的条件不够成熟,外资并购上市公司的步伐缓慢。最近,国家在外资并购上市公司方面出台了一系列新的政策措施,必将推动外资并购上市公司的进程。然而,在看到外资并购上市公司给我国带来的正面影响的同时,还应注意外资并购过程中存在的问题以及应采取的一些对策。     

企业资产证券化业务的特殊价值与可行性研究

企业资产证券化是一种以专项计划为载体的企业未来收益权或既有债权证券化的融资方式,是融资方式变革的一个方向。在探讨企业资产证券化性质的基础上,分别从实体经济发展、资本市场发展、企业发展及证券公司自身发展等角度,分析了证券公司开展企业资产证券化业务的特殊价值;又依据基础环境、自身优势、市场前景等因素,论证了证券公司开展企业资产证券化业务的可行性。     

工业园区废弃物交易生态协作激励机制

在分析工业园区废弃物交易存在资产专用性和不确定性等问题的基础上,通过构建园区废弃物交易生态协作收益模型,分别探讨了社会最优条件下、单期交易条件下和关系契约条件下有助于废弃物交易双方生态协作的最优激励机制安排。研究结果表明:资产专用性和不确定性等导致单期交易下生态协作存在效率损失,此时根据生产效率分配协作租金可最大程度地减少生态协作效率损失;关系契约推动了生态协作效率的提升,利用企业可通过隐藏废弃物在利用环节的价值增值信息以及调节奖励支付规则等获得社会最优条件下的生态协作收益;废弃物交易双方越关注未来的预期收益,废弃物交易中的协作程度越高,废弃物交易双方获取的生态协作收益就越大;废弃物再利用的成本越高,越需要交易双方进行长期协作,越需要对园区进行政策干预。     

基于不同资金来源测算的西部地区固定资产投资与经济增长关系

本文基于多种估算模型和稳健标准误的统计推断,按照资金来源测算了西部地区固定资产投资与经济增长之间的线性关系系数和弹性关系系数,使用单边随机边界模型测算了固定资产投资各类资金的投资效率和各类资金的总体投资效率。实证结果表明,国家预算资金和其他资金的线性和弹性系数不显著,国内贷款、利用外资和自筹资金的线性关系系数测算的平均值分别为2.308、23.794和1.505,弹性关系系数的平均值分别为0.15、0.054和0.416;西部地区固定资产投资效率总体高于70%。     

Linear predictability vs. bull and bear market models in strategic asset allocation decisions: evidence from UK data

Most papers in the portfolio choice literature have examined linear predictability frameworks based on the idea that simple but flexible Vector Autoregressive (VAR) models can be expanded to produce portfolio allocations that hedge against the bull and bear dynamics typical of financial markets through careful selection of predictor variables that capture business cycles and market sentiment. Yet, a distinct literature exists that shows that non-linear econometric frameworks, such as Markov switching, are also natural tools to compute optimal portfolios arising from the existence of good and bad market states. This paper examines whether and how simple VARs can produce portfolio rules similar to those obtained under a simple Markov switching, by studying the effects of expanding both the order of the VAR and the number/selection of predictor variables included. In a typical stock-bond strategic asset allocation problem for UK data, we compute the out-of-sample certainty equivalent returns for a wide range of VARs and compare these measures of performance with those of non-linear models. We conclude that most VARs cannot produce portfolio rules, hedging demands or (net of transaction costs) out-of-sample performances that approximate those obtained from simple non-linear frameworks.