小议农业燃油税直接补贴问题

国家开征燃油税以来,加大了农业生产成本,增加了农民负担,有必要对农民进行燃油税补贴.燃油税补贴涉及到直接和间接两种补贴方式.直接补贴方式则涉及信息费用和监督费用两项成本,当成本在可控情况下,燃油税补贴应建立以农机部门为主导的燃油税补偿保障机制,采取以农机部门为主导的直接补贴形式.     

System economics: Overcoming the pitfalls of forecasting models via a multidisciplinary approach

In areas from medicine to climate change to economics, we are faced with huge challenges and a need for accurate forecasts, yet our ability to predict the future has been found wanting. The basic problem is that complex systems such as the atmosphere or the economy can not be reduced to simple mathematical laws and modeled accordingly. The equations in numerical models are therefore only approximations to reality, and are often highly sensitive to external influences and small changes in parameterisation — they can be made to fit past data, but are less good at prediction. Since decisions are usually based on our best models of the future, how can we proceed? This paper draws a comparison between two apparently different fields: biology and economics. In biology, drug development is a highly inefficient and expensive process, which in the past has relied heavily on trial and error. Institutions such as pharmaceutical companies and universities are now radically changing their approach and adopting techniques from the new field of systems biology to integrate information from disparate sources and improve the development process. A similar revolution is required in economics if models are to reflect the nature of human economic activity and provide useful tools for policy makers. We outline the main foundations for a theory of systems economics.     

非食用生物质制燃料乙醇的研究现状

生物质能源是清洁的可再生的能源,目前以非食用生物质为原料来制取可再生的新能源——燃料乙醇受到了越来越多研究者的关注。重点介绍了从纤维素类生物质制备燃料乙醇的发展现状及关键工艺,指出了其广阔的发展前景。     

燃料乙醇产业的经济学分析

中国经济发展凸显能源问题,作为一种新型可替代能源,燃料乙醇产业的发展令人瞩目,国内燃料乙醇产能扩大已经成为无法阻挡的趋势。中国燃料乙醇的生产技术、原料、供应、产业开发、政府扶持政策等方面都有了初步起色,具有乐观的经济前景。     

分布式电源谐波机理与抑制技术综述

分布式电源作为一种环境适应性强的清洁能源,具有就近利用率高、供电灵活等特点,但因其传播特征复杂,分散性强,使电网面临着新的谐波问题.首先,概述了分布式电源谐波的危害及其产生原因,指出电力电子装置是造成分布式电源谐波的重要因素之一;其次,对光伏发电系统、风力发电系统、微型燃气轮机系统和燃料电池系统4类电源产生的谐波机理进...     

甘薯全粉冲调式营养糊的配方研究

本实验以甘薯、黑米、红枣、黑芝麻和糖粉为主要原料,进行不同的原料配比试验,通过感官评价的方法,确定甘薯全粉冲调式营养糊的最佳配比.试验结果表明,甘薯全粉冲调式营养糊的最佳配比为:甘薯粉46.73％、黑米28.04％、红枣11.68％、黑芝麻9.35％及糖粉4.21％,在此条件下,所制得的产品外观颜色、风味和口感为最佳,...     

构建我国生物产业专利池的对策研究

生物产业作为世界经济中又一个新的主导产业,许多国家将生物产业作为战略产业重点发展。我国已经确定把生物产业作为重点战略产业,加速生物产业发展是走新型工业化道路的需要。文章基于我国生物产业发展面临重大战略机遇的背景,就构建我国生物产业专利池从三个层次进行分析,从政府、产业协会、企业三个角度提出相应对策。     

氢燃料电池动力技术在物流运输中的应用

化石燃料的迅速枯竭和环境问题正在推动能源结构向可再生能源进行过渡。目前,运输消耗的燃料主要来自化石能源,更强的运输需求对环境和气候有很大的威胁。氢燃料电池动力汽车使用氢能是化石燃料的清洁替代品。对氢燃料电池在国内最新的政策和市场应用情况进行总结,对其关键技术进行介绍,并对现有的应用场景进行分析,梳理其未来的发展趋势,为氢燃料电池动力汽车在物流运输行业的未来发展提供参考和指导。     

Technological variation and the US renewable fuel standard

The US Renewable Fuel Standard contains a policy bias that undermines the three-broad policy goals of rural development, energy security, and greenhouse gas reductions. This policy bias, wherein a narrow range of options is expected to address broad societal objectives, contributes to a persistence of first-generation biofuels and limits technical variation. Renewable fuel content requirements have helped to expand the use of ethanol and biodiesel in the short term. However, long-term changes will require greater technological variation to stimulate innovation for the development of sustainable renewable fuel pathways.     

RPC盖板施工工艺与单价分析

通过RPC盖板的施工工艺,人员设备配置,混凝土配合比等,依据铁路预算编制办法分析其价格,为铁路预算的编制提供依据。