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161.
Welfare Implications of Community Forest Plantations in Developing Countries: The Orissa Social Forestry Project 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Community forest plantations are a common intervention in developing countries. We use household and remote sensing data from Orissa, India, to estimate welfare effects of community forest plantations, in terms of the value of decreased collection times plantations afford users. A selection model, accounting for possible jointness in site location and productivity, is used to estimate collection production functions for different household labor categories in natural and community forests. Two measures of an opportunity cost of time are used to determine welfare effects of time saved due to community forests. We find access to community forests is important to marginal productivity of different labor categories, but to different degrees, highlighting the need to disaggregate household data when analyzing these interventions. We also find substantial welfare improvements from time savings for many households and villages. 相似文献
162.
Even though the channelling of equity capital from savers to listed firms is one of the primary functions of a stock market,
not much effort has been devoted to the problem of measuring the phenomenon. External equity financing, traditionally associated
with the issue of new shares, depends also on the sale of already issued shares. This additional form of collection of equity
capital becomes relevant when the firms of the market are connected by cross-shareholdings (as in Japan): the phenomenon of
equity carve-out is a relevant example of equity financing obtained through the sale of existing shares. The paper presents
a model for computing the equity capital raised by companies listed in a given stock exchange over a specified period of time,
which is non trivial when firms are connected by cross-shareholdings. A numerical computation of the net amount of equity
financing in the Tokyo Stock Exchange in the period 1971–1992 is reported: it shows that the net (or true) measure is significantly
different and, in most cases, lower than the conventional one. 相似文献
163.
文章在清晰界定服务业税收相关概念的基础上,通过对无锡市服务业税源发展情况的调研,分析无锡市服务业税收的现状,并深入探讨影响无锡市服务业税收变化的因素,旨在正确评价服务业税收现状和发展趋势,从而对现行服务业税收征管工作提出建议。 相似文献
164.
本文对我国房地产开发环节税制在税种结构、税收负担和税收征管等方面存在的问题进行了分析,并对这些问题提出了具体的改革建议:应从优化税种结构入手,通过调整和完善税种的设置,建立以增值税和所得税为主体税种,以农地占用税为辅助税种的税制结构,合理化开发环节税收负担,辅之以有效的税收征管模式。 相似文献
165.
基于单一制造商和单一零售商构成的闭环供应链系统,以产品批发价和回收转移价格为制造商的决策变量,市场回收价为回收方的决策变量,对不同回收模型进行了博弈分析,得到闭环供应链成员的最优定价策略和最终利润,并进一步对不同回收成本下制造商的最优选择进行了分析。 相似文献
166.
In this paper we seek an explanation for the reservations of local authorities towards contracting out. Although empirical
evidence suggests that contracting out results in a significant cost decrease, a majority of Dutch municipalities provides
for waste collection services themselves. Based on theoretical insights we model the choice between private, public, in-house,
and out-house refuse collection. The models are estimated using a database comprising nearly all Dutch municipalities. We
find evidence that the number of inhabitants, the transfer by central government, and interest group arguments are important
explanations. Interestingly, ideology seems to play a minor role.
Compared to earlier studies we estimate more general models. Although the same qualitative results are found for parametric
and semiparametric models, we find strong statistical evidence that a parametric specification is far too inflexible. Differences
between the parametric and the semiparametric marginal effects are substantial. Thus, more attention is needed for the implications
of model specification.
First version received: November 2000/Final version received: May 2002
We thank two anonymous referees for their comments on an earlier version. 相似文献
167.
陈鑫 《山东工商学院学报》2008,22(5)
利用1978~2006年的年度数据,建立时序模型考察了税收与经济增长之间的均衡关系,并利用结构突变理论对税收数据的生成过程进行了分析。指出,税收收入与经济增长具有长期均衡关系,但GDP的变动不能显著解释税收收入的短期波动,而制度性因素尤其是税务机关的征管技术变革对税收收入的短期波动具有显著的解释作用。 相似文献
168.
非居民税收管理中存在的问题和解决办法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
随着经济全球化的发展,我国招商引资力度逐年加大,频繁的跨国经济活动创造了大量非居民税源。在对非居民税收进行管理时,非居民纳税义务判定难度大、境内外收入划分缺乏合理标准等问题亟待解决。本文针对非居民税收管理中存在的问题,提出了应严格执行非居民税收法律政策、对非居民实施属地原则下的专业化管理等建议。 相似文献
169.
本文梳理了西方国家税收管理研究发展演变的基本历程,从早期学者的初步研究,到古典学派的进一步研究,再到历史学派和社会政策学派最终创立了税收管理的理论体系,最后发展到现代学者对此问题的量化研究。同时指出,了解税收管理研究的发展演变过程,有益于我们明确税收管理研究的新课题及建立适合于中国国情的科学的税收管理体系。 相似文献
170.
本文介绍了当前发达国家地方税征管体系,从地方政府的税收征管能力、纳税服务理念、税源监控和税务代理等方面分析了西方发达国家地方税征管体系的特点,并结合我国的国情,提出了完善我国地方税税收征管体系的建议。 相似文献