中国农民的素质研究

伴随着十五大国民素质的郑重提出,人的素质与中国现代化建设及21世纪中国的发展的关系密切相关。而我国是农业大国,三农问题一直是困扰我国现代化建设的一大社会难题。提高农民的素质是实现中国民族伟大复兴的重要保证。本文从三个部分阐述第一部分提出人的素质的概念和现状;第二部分分析我国农民素质偏低的原因;第三部分提出提高农民素质的对策。     

从公民参与到公民治理——公众崛起时代西方政府治理理论创新及启示

公众崛起时代对政府治理提出了新的挑战,使公民参与出现了治理困境。从公民参与向公民治理转变是破解这一困境的基本途径。公民治理是公民崛起时代背景下形成的一种以公民为中心的新型政府治理模式,它具有独特的概念框架与理论模式。公民治理与公民参与及流行的治理理论相比具有诸多的理论创新之处,为我国政府治理模式的创新提供了有益的借鉴。     

企业与利益相关人的共生

企业的使命是为社会创造财富,为此必然会与他人发生交易关系,企业是在与利益相关人的互动中达到盈利目的的。商场不是战场,商业活动中的价值观是双赢和多赢。企业与利益相关人的共生是商业活动的新的伦理观,企业在战略中必须重视利益相关人的利益。     

公民参与在公共政策制定中的意义

公民参与在公共政策的整个运行过程中,充分保障广大人民群众的主人翁地位,真正贯彻公共政策的民主化原则,制定出科学、合理、公正的公共政策,以实现公共政策的有效性中的意义是极其重大而深远的。公民参与也是民主程序的核心概念,“真正的民主,需要通过‘公民不断的参与’,方能领略什么是民主,在心理上融会和建立民主作风,在行为上获取民主办事的技巧和方法,这样才可以保证社会运作是真正由人民主宰。”     

大城市外来人口离“市民待遇”还有多远?——以上海市居住证制度为背景

2004年,上海市居住证制度开始向全体来沪人员推广。依据居住证类别的不同,外来人口在享有"市民待遇"时被差别化对待,由此造成外来人口因享有"市民待遇"的多寡而分化为不同层次群体的现象("待遇分层")。依据法律法规文件及实地访谈资料,从法定和实际待遇两方面解读了外来人口享有的"市民待遇"项目及其与户籍居民之间的待遇差距,论述了当前居住证制度实施差别化政策的合理性和必要性,提出了相应的政策建议。     

新农村建设的品牌策略分析

新农村建设是全面建设小康社会的重要步骤,此项工程的高效实施需要新思路和新策略,各项工作需要落到实处,为此需要围绕以下几个方面展开工作:农民各方面的素质要发生质的变化;基层领导要以独到的视角发展经济;农村的经营策略新;农民成为农村致富的生力军;运作农村经济的制度要新;创建健康向上的农村文化;锻造新农村经济持续发展的政策基础。     

The case for gender mainstreaming Botswana's privatisation process

Botswana embarked on privatisation in 2000 but the programme is yet to be implemented. The objectives of privatisation are to promote citizen economic empowerment and to benefit all. Admittedly, these are well-intended objectives. However, we pose a question: ‘How are these objectives going to be achieved?’ To answer this question, this paper audits the Privatisation Policy of Botswana and Privatisation Master Plan to assess the extent to which they are gender inclusive, and concludes that they are gender blind and do not address the gender dimensions of privatisation. The paper also reviews secondary data such as poverty maps and concludes that women suffer socio-economic disenfranchisement and would not equally benefit from privatisation. In addition, women would disproportionately suffer its adverse effects. For privatisation to produce fair outcomes, there is a need to make it gender inclusive. Making it gender inclusive would ensure the participation and empowerment of socio-economic minorities such as women.     

Neoliberalism and health care

Within the context of globalization, health care reform is occurring around the world. This paper explores the neoliberal mind set shaping health care reform in the UK, Canada, United States, Australia and New Zealand. Neoliberalism is comprised of three principles: individualism, free market via privatization and deregulation, and decentralization. After describing the nature of a health care system that is shaped by those embracing this mind set, an alternative approach is introduced that could bring dignity and a human face to health care. The basic premise of the paper is that we must broaden our analysis of health care by understanding and challenging the neoliberal mind set.     

湖北省新型城镇化条件下农民收入增长研究

我国农民收入来源主要包括农业经营性收入、务工收入及其他收入。城镇化发展是农民增收的重要动力之一,十八大以来新型城镇化被提到一个新高度。新型城镇化要求把生态文明理念融入城镇化过程,实现集约、智能、绿色、低碳的发展目标。新型城镇化条件下,农民增收能否持续、高速的发展成为新的课题。文章对湖北省部分市(县)采取实地查勘、问卷调查与走访农户、搜集资料、逻辑分析的方法就湖北省新型城镇化条件下农民增收进行研究。研究结果表明:(1)新型城镇化促进农业现代化发展,提高农产品产值,减少农业产业链内耗,实现农民增收;(2)新型城镇构建农民市民化社会构架,提高了农民工资收入与社会福利收入,增加了农民收入;(3)新型城镇化改变发展模式,增加农民资产性收入与提升了农民生活品质,实现更高水平的增收。研究结论:新型城镇化是未来农民增收最主要的推动力。     

Government transparency: the citizen perspective and experience with food and health products policy

Citizen engagement (involvement of everyday citizens in policy decisions) is now seen as a major component of governance and policy making. Government transparency is a central tenet of citizen engagement. This study was sought by Health Canada in order to learn from citizen groups in other countries about the nature and degree of transparency related to food and health product review in their country. Health Canada anticipated learning from their experiences and perceptions so that it could increase the transparency of its own review and regulatory process. The opinions of a cross‐section of stakeholders in the United States, the European Union (especially the UK), Australia and New Zealand, solicited via an e‐mail survey, were analysed. The results clearly indicate that, in general, respondents do not feel that their food and health product review system is transparent. These opinions varied depending on which of the seven dimensions of transparency was being examined. Of the 64 recommendations tendered for increasing government transparency, the 32 suggestions for improving their own systems were quite different from the 32 made for Health Canada to consider. Collectively, they provide rich insights into the refinement and clarification of the food and health product review process.