Stochastic efficiency analysis with risk aversion bounds: a correction

A recent paper by Hardaker et al. (The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 48, 2004a, 253) and book by Hardaker et al. (Coping with Risk in Agriculture, 2004b) describe a procedure for determining an efficient set from among a set of random alternatives. This procedure, called stochastic efficiency with respect to a function (SERF), is claimed to make the same assumption concerning the risk aversion measures as does stochastic dominance with respect to a function (SDRF). This is claim is incorrect. SERF imposes an additional requirement on the risk aversion measures of the decision makers. Both procedures assume a lower and an upper bound on risk aversion, but SERF also assumes that all risk aversion measures are of the same functional form as these lower and upper bound functions. This additional strong requirement on risk preferences implies that the efficient set identified under SERF is usually smaller than that identified using SDRF.     

改革开放30年中国集体林发展趋势分析

通过集体林区改革开放以来各项政策、制度的变化,对森林资源、木材及木质产品供给、造林面积、营林投资、林业重点工程、林地生产力与利用率、农民收入、环境质量与经营发展之间的关系等多方面的绩效分析,指出:集体林区已经取代了东北国有林区,成为我国重要的木材及木质产品基地;但集体林区营林投资呈下降态势;林地生产力和林地利用率虽然提高,但仍处于较低水平;农民是林业生产的主体,但在林业生产中并没有得到较大的好处,在农户家庭收入中所占比重很低。研究表明,林业家庭经营形式并不十分适合中国集体林区,在一定程度上制约了集体林区的发展,尚需与时俱进地开展集体林产权制度改革,在产权清晰基础上,引导适度林地流转,促进规模经营,鼓励专业化经营。同时要对产品与服务市场、林业税费制度、采伐制度、生态效益补偿制度等协调配套改革,把集体林产权制度改革纳入到解决"三农"问题的大背景中加以解决。最后指出,产权的明确与清晰是集体林业发展的前提和必要条件,而不是全部。激励和竞争同样极其重要,建立相应的激励机制是保证我国集体林发展的充分条件。     

北京湿地退化的经济学分析

应用环境经济学原理,结合湿地准公共资源性、正外部性、负外部性以及代际外部性等经济属性,对北京湿地退化的经济成因进行了分析。结果表明:北京湿地退化的成因主要是缺乏可以产生抵消作用的制约因素、非正规的社会制裁、正规并能有效执行的法律措施手段、正反两种外部性的补偿与制约以资源分配代际权利制衡机制等。     

The managerial implications of an analysis of tourist profiles and international hotel employee service attitude

Numerous studies indicate that customer satisfaction is closely related to hotel employees’ service attitude, and that distinct segments of a target tourist market require distinct customer service emphases. The enclosed study finds, for example, that Taiwanese tourists generally appreciate friendliness and enthusiasm, Japanese tourists admire courteousness and propriety, and American tourists value immediacy and efficiency. Marketers and personnel managers are therefore well advised to develop training strategies emphasizing empathy, gracious problem solving, and prompt individual attention for Taiwanese, Japanese, and American tourists, respectively. Importance–performance analysis (IPA) can be used to identify crucial aspects of appropriate service and recommend managerial strategies to support their implementation.     

Cross-cultural comparison of the image of Guam perceived by Korean and Japanese leisure travelers: Importance–performance analysis

As international tourism becomes a global phenomenon and its volume increases rapidly, understanding cultural differences and similarities provides destination marketers in a host country with a strategic platform upon which any planning and marketing efforts should be grounded. Based on the theory of cultural value orientation, the current study focuses on a cross-cultural comparison between the two markets most important to Guam tourism: Japanese and Korean leisure travelers. Using Importance–performance analysis, the evaluative image of Guam perceived by Korean travelers is compared with that perceived by Japanese travelers to uncover any differences between these two nationality groups. The results clearly indicate a contrast between the two groups in terms of destination evaluations and behavioral patterns.     

A contrast analysis of online hotel web service purchasers and browsers

Ever since the introduction of Internet technology to general business, websites have played an important role in the business and promotional efforts of hotels. However, the existing tourism and hospitality literature contains only a limited number of articles that examine the perceived importance of the different attributes of a hotel website. This paper reports a study that analyzed the different perceptions of specific hotel website attributes between online purchasers and browsers and between Western and Asian users. The empirical findings reveal a set of attributes that are the most important in developing effective hotel websites. The findings also indicate the necessity of designing English- and Chinese-language hotel websites differently, based on the significant differences in the responses obtained from these two groups of online users.     

吉林省主导产业选择的理论与实证分析

产业结构不合理是阻碍吉林省发展的重要因素,而明确主导产业是其核心问题。吉林省应按照比较优势原则选择符合其资源禀赋的产业作为主导产业。通过对主导产业选择标准以及相关数据的理论与实证分析,吉林省应选择汽车产业、医药制造业和农产品加工业作为主导产业。     

我国基础教育均衡与财政转移支付

百年大计,教育为本,教育关系着一个国家、一个民族的未来。教育的状况,对社会的安定、经济的发展,起着重要的作用。基础教育是教育的起点和根源,因此,基础教育的发展状况,从根本上决定了基础教育以后其它教育的发展程度。从财政学角度对基础教育的发展进行探讨,无论是在理论方面,还是在实际意义方面,都具有重要的意义。     

文体学分析在EFL语篇教学中的实践性探讨

在语篇教学中运用文体学分析方法,培养学生从宏观角度分析语篇的主题意义与美学效果,提高学生的文体分析能力与文学鉴赏能力。     

中国农业生产率增长的地区差距与收敛性分析

在利用非参数的DEA曼奎斯特生产率指数方法对中国农业全要素生产率进行求解的基础上,论文运用经济增长收敛理论对农业TFP（Total Factor Productivity）增长在1978～2005年转型期的收敛性情况进行检验,这包括从σ收敛、绝对β收敛到条件β收敛的全面检验。论文基本结论表明,整个转型期中国农业TFP增长并不存在显著的σ收敛和绝对β收敛性,但存在显著的条件β收敛性。论文最终还认为,通过一定政策性措施来实现中国农业TFP增长的绝对收敛是可能的。