浅谈企业在岗职工职业技能鉴定

本文论述了抓好企业在岗职工技能鉴定的必要性.并从抓宣传、责任、激励、培训、重点、质量、技术七个方面论述了如何抓好企业在岗职工职业技能鉴定工作,全面提高企业的职工素质.     

Averting the construction skills crisis: a regional approach

The East Midlands construction industry is currently suffering from a severe skills shortage across its craft, professional and managerial occupations. The lack of available capacity within the regional labour market coupled with the poor image of the sector, call into question the industry's ability to cope with the levels of new orders and output growth predicted over the next few years. In this paper, it is argued that the casualised nature of the industry's labour market has rendered national, 'top-down' labour market policy measures ineffective in addressing the industry's skills concerns. This hypothesis has been explored through research that canvassed the opinions of key industry stakeholders as to the actions necessary to avert the region's skills crisis. This was achieved through a series of focus groups and workshops involving over 150 individuals with a vested interest in the region's construction skills situation. The insights emerging from the analysis suggested that bespoke regional and sub-regional labour market policies are required to avert the current skills shortage. The recommendations provided by the participants were used as the basis for a strategic package of measures that are currently being implemented across the region's five counties. This strategy aims to join-up hitherto disparate labour market measures within a single centrally coordinated framework. Nevertheless, overcoming the industry's fragmented structure remains an obstacle to resolving successfully the East Midlands' construction skills shortage.     

Development and Validation of Ethical Computer Self-Efficacy Measure: The Case of Softlifting

The concept of self-efficacy is concerned with people's beliefs in their ability to produce given attainment. It has been widely applied to study human conduct in various settings. This study, based on Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory, proposes the employment of self-efficacy for investigating people's ethical conduct related to computer use. Specifically, an ethical computer self-efficacy (ECSE) construct concerning software piracy is developed and validated. The measurement model of the construct was rigorously tested and validated through confirmatory factor analysis. The results suggest that ECSE can be operationalized as a second-order factor model. The first order constructs are termed use&keep (do not use), distribution (do not distribute), and persuasion (persuade others not to commit piracy). These factors are governed by a second-order construct of ECSE. This construct could be useful to research a wide range of information ethics in the future.     

Clockwise versus counterclockwise turning bias: Moderation effects of foot traffic and cognitive experience on visual attention

The current research aims to examine how turning bias can affect the attention-capturing of bottom-up factors in endcap displays. In three experimental studies using eye-tracking, this paper contributes to the literature by proposing moderators that shape turning bias effects on retail endcap displays. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrate that consumers' counterclockwise (vs. clockwise) rotation reduces visual attention on endcap displays. Furthermore, Study 3 indicates that longer trips and higher loop diversion increase the number of fixations for clockwise (vs. counterclockwise) turning shoppers. In addition, higher cognitive anchors and shorter shopping lists boost fixation rates when shoppers rotate in a clockwise (vs. counterclockwise) direction. This research has important theoretical and practical implications for understanding shoppers’ visual attention and cognitive experience in retail settings.     

The role of safety culture/climate and social cognitive factors for driving behaviors of Turkish professional drivers transporting petroleum products

The present study aimed to examine and compare the role of safety culture/climate and social cognitive factors on driving behaviors in a group of Turkish professional drivers transporting petroleum products. A questionnaire survey was conducted in a sample of 119 male drivers working for an oil company. The questionnaire included items related to demographic information and driving history; perceptions about the safety culture/climate of the company; fatalism; traffic risk perception; road safety attitudes; and driving behaviors. The results showed that being a truck driver compared to being a tanker driver was positively related to driving violations, while commitment to the management safety was negatively related to driving violations. On the other hand, safe attitudes towards speeding were negatively related to driving errors/lapses. Fatalism was positively related to both driving violations and errors/lapses. Also, compared to tanker drivers, truck drivers reported more violations and errors/lapses, a lower traffic risk perception and higher fatalism. Implications for the safety of professional drivers working for oil companies are discussed.     

浅谈数控车床实践操作入门教学

文章以GSK980T车床数控系统为例,基于对刀操作练习、程序编制的实例分析、程序编辑和程序校验等四个方面的分析,初步探讨了如何进行数控车床实践操作入门教学。     

Developing soft skills to manage user expectations in IT projects: Knowledge reuse among IT project managers

This research explores information technology (IT) project managers' reuse of knowledge associated with soft skills when managing user expectations. Through interviews with IT project managers, several themes emerged: novelty of problems, conditions within the organization, types of available knowledge, and methods for reusing knowledge. Within this study, we discovered the need for additional research on how social norms and organizational conditions encourage or inhibit knowledge reuse. Furthermore, we identified a difference in the usefulness of knowledge captured in formal repositories according to levels of project management experience. The findings confirm, extend, and illuminate the current research associated with knowledge reuse in IT project management.     

Financial Decision-Making： The Roles of Intuition,Heuristics, and Impulses

This paper will add to an evolving new paradigm for financial decision-making by exploring the important roles that intuition, heuristics, and impulses play as a bridge between how the conscious and unconscious can work together more effectively in making better decisions. Historically, the roles of financial/accounting theory and cognitive psychology have been extensively studied and documented in attempting to explain individual financial decision-making. More recently, neuroscience has made substantial contributions to learning how prospective financial decisions and outcomes affect brain activity and observed decision-making behavior. The evidence from neuroscience indicates that up to 90% of our decisions are initiated at the unconscious level, which is only beginning to be investigated in a systematic manner. Integrating these findings from multiple disciplines, including recent contributions from neuroscience, has many implications, not only with respect to personal and corporate financial decisions and how markets work, but also as an essential component in the tool box of the general decision maker.     

The impact of cognitive inertia on postconsumption evaluation processes

This study sheds some light on the role of memory in satisfaction judgments. The author's findings indicate that consumers might fail to form satisfaction evaluations in an online manner in typical repeat-consumption situations. Instead of consciously reevaluating familiar products or services, consumers may choose to engage in judgment updating/formation processes only when faced with a postpurchase satisfaction inquiry. Surprise performances or inconsistent service delivery, however, greatly reduce the consumer's reliance on prior judgments. Under these conditions, consumers are motivated to spontaneously update their summary evaluations stored in memory. The implications of the memory-based nature of satisfaction judgments to service and retail managers are briefly discussed. Anna S. Mattila (asm6@psu.edu) is an assistant professor in the College of Human Health and Development at the Pennsylvania State University, University Park. She holds a Ph.D. from Cornell University, an MBA from the University of Hartford, and a B.S. from Cornell University. Her research interests focus on consumer responses to service encounters and cross-cultural issues in services marketing. Her work has appeared in theJournal of Retailing, theJournal of Service Research, theJournal of Consumer Psychology, Psychology & Marketing, theJournal of Services Marketing, theInternational Journal of Service Industry Management, and in theJournal of Hospitality & Tourism Research.     

从关联理论的角度重析语用失误

语用失误是言语交际过程中存在的普遍现象也是可以避免的。发话人明示效果低下,或误判受话人的认知环境产生的语用失误,或推理失败都会产生语用失误。要避免语用失误必须在理解对方话语的同时,准确地握对方的话语语义并调用已有的认知假设建立关联语境,运用逻辑推理方法识别交际意图。