建筑施工项目经理绩效评价体系研究

通过对建筑施工企业项目经理绩效评价现状分析，根据施工项目特性，完善了施工项目经理绩效评价指标体系。采用群决策层次分析法确定施工项目经理绩效评价指标权重，并用模糊综合评判进行科学评价，以得到对项目经理绩效客观、公正的考核。     

甘肃省经济发展态势分析——基于时序主成分分析

本文利用时序主成分分析法，对甘肃的经济发展态势进行了分析，时序全局主成分分析的方法是时序分析和全局主成分分析方法的结合，从文中的实证部分来看，时序主成分分析法得到的分析结果与甘肃省的现实经济状况相吻合。     

基于遗传投影寻踪模型的高校人力资源管理综合评价

针对高校人力资源管理评价指标的不相容性问题,提出了高校人力资源管理综合评价的遗传投影寻踪方法。该方法可以依据样本自身的数据特性寻求最佳投影方向,利用最佳投影方向可判断各计价指标对综合评价目标的贡献大小和方向。通过最佳投影方向,与评价指标的线形投影得到投影指标值,通过这一指标来对样本进行统一评价和分类。运用该模型对3所高校人力资源管理状况进行了综合评价,得出评价等级,为高校人力资源管理提供可量化并带有预测性的科学评价方法。     

Estimating non-market environmental benefits of the Conversion of Cropland to Forest and Grassland Program: A choice modeling approach

The non-market values of the environmental benefits derived from the Conversion of Cropland to Forest and Grassland Program (also known as the Grain for Green Program and the Sloped Land Conversion Program) in the Loess Plateau region of North West China were estimated using choice modeling both on-site in Xi'an and Ansai and off-site in Beijing. Separate choice models were estimated for the three sites and the results compared. Significant differences were found between the implicit price estimates derived from the multinomial logit (MNL) model and the random parameter logit (RPL) model for some environmental attributes. Based on the results from the RPL models, the average willingness to pay per respondent household in Beijing was CNY882.56 (USD109.44) each year for the environmental improvements on the Loess Plateau provided by the Program, a payment level significantly higher than the comparable estimates of CNY342.56 (USD42.48) in Xi'an and CNY388.08 (USD48.12) in Ansai.     

陕西省区域综合经济实力变动分析

陕西省是西部大开发的桥头堡,然而由于自然与区位条件、资源禀赋、区域发展政策等的差异,陕西省各地市经济发展的差异比较明显,经济发展水平很不均衡。因此,深入研究各地市的综合经济实力及其变动情况,有助于了解各地市经济发展状况的差异,制订促进区域经济协调发展的宏观管理政策和措施,进一步促进西部大开发。本文采用主成分分析方法,对1985年、1994年、2003年陕西省10个地市的综合经济实力做出排序,揭示出陕西省区域经济现状差异和近20年来的变动概况,并分析了形成这种状况的原因。     

企业文化"以人为本"失灵的哲学视域

文章指出，目前许多企业对企业文化“以人为本”的理解未能适应时代特点和社会发展趋势的客观要求，在主体、客体以及价值观等方面仍然存在很大局限性，实践中难以发挥应有的功能。我们必须重塑“以人为本”的前提假定，建构“超越自我人”为本的企业文化，这在主客体观和价值观方面都将促进入的全面发展。     

长三角地区两层次行为主体利益分享机制——基于讨价还价模型的分析

长三角地区一体化的核心问题是利益分配和协调。罗宾斯泰英建立了一个轮流出价的讨价还价模型。该模型具有以下三方面的启示:一是关于贴现因子;二是关于“先动优势”和“后动优势”;三是关于“尽快接受”原则。本文基于讨价还价模型探讨了长三角地区利益分享机制。首先,必须明确在长三角地区利益分事过程中存在着政府和企业两层次的行为主体;其次,由于我国经济转轨时期的特殊性,政府仍然掌握着绝大部分的资源,因而必须建立政府间磋商机制;最后,企业是市场经济活动的主体,因而必须完善企业间竞合机制。     

黑河项目生态环境影响综合后评价

对黑河项目生态环境影响进行综合后评价,是促进整个西北地区可持续发展的客观要求。本文综合运用层次分析法、成功度评价法以及模糊综合评判法,对黑河项目的生态环境影响程度进行综合后评价。这一方法可以克服传统定性评价方法的主观性缺点,从而得出比较客观、科学的评价结论。通过生态环境影响综合后评价,发现项目实施中所存在的问题,并针对存在的问题提出切实可行的建议,为后续项目及其他同类项目的决策提供较为科学的依据。     

The greenhouse effect: Damages,costs and abatement

The buildup of so-called greenhouse gases in the atmosphere — CO₂ in particular-appears to be having an adverse impact on the global climate. This paper briefly reviews current expectations with regard to physical and biological effects, their potential costs to society, and likely costs of abatement. For a worst case scenario it is impossible to assess, in economic terms, the full range of possible non-linear synergistic effects. In the most favorable (although not necessarily likely) case (of slow-paced climate change), however, it seems likely that the impacts are within the affordable range, at least in the industrialized countries of the world. In the third world the notion of affordability is of doubtful relevance, making the problem of quantitative evaluation almost impossible. We tentatively assess the lower limit of quantifiable climate-induced damages at $30 to $35 per ton of CO₂ equivalent, worldwide, with the major damages being concentrated in regions most adversely affected by sea-level rise. The non-quantifiable environmental damages are also significant and should by no means be disregarded.The costs and benefits of (1) reducing CFC use and (2) reducing fossil fuel consumption, as a means of abatement, are considered in some detail. This strategy has remarkably high indirect benefits in terms of reduced air pollution damage and even direct cost savings to consumers. The indirect benefits of reduced air pollution and its associated health and environmental effects from fossil-fuel combustion in the industrialized countries range from $20 to $60 per ton of CO₂ eliminated. In addition, there is good evidence that modest (e.g. 25%) reductions in CO₂ emissions may be achievable by the U.S. (and, by implication, for other countries) by a combination of increased energy efficiency and restructuring that would permit simultaneous direct economic benefits (savings) to energy consumers of the order of $50 per ton of CO₂ saved. A higher level of overall emissions reduction — possibly approaching 50% — could probably be achieved, at little or not net cost, by taking advantage of these savings.We suggest the use of taxes on fossil fuel extraction (or a carbon tax) as a reasonable way of inducing the structural changes that would be required to achieve significant reduction in energy use and CO₂ emissions. To minimize the economic burden (and create a political constituency in support of the approach) we suggest the substitution of resource-based taxes in general for other types of taxes (on labor, income, real estate, or trade) that are now the main sources of government revenue. While it is conceded that it would be difficult to calculate the optimal tax on extractive resources, we do not think this is a necessary prerequisite to policy-making. In fact, we note that the existing tax system has never been optimized according to theoretical principles, and is far from optimal by any reasonable criteria.During the academic year 1989–90 Dr. Ayres was at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.During the summer of 1989 Mr. Walter was a member of the Young Scientists' Summer Program at IIASA.     

城市滨水区复合开发模式研究

针对城市滨水区的发展及其面临问题，分析国内外关于城市滨水区开发模式。在此基础上，提出了将滨水城市空间结构调整与城市滨水区开发相结合的复合开发模式，并阐述了复合开发模式的主要内容。