全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8374篇 |
免费 | 299篇 |
国内免费 | 142篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 419篇 |
工业经济 | 563篇 |
计划管理 | 2075篇 |
经济学 | 1528篇 |
综合类 | 1145篇 |
运输经济 | 62篇 |
旅游经济 | 64篇 |
贸易经济 | 959篇 |
农业经济 | 1130篇 |
经济概况 | 869篇 |
信息产业经济 | 1篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 23篇 |
2023年 | 105篇 |
2022年 | 104篇 |
2021年 | 180篇 |
2020年 | 239篇 |
2019年 | 162篇 |
2018年 | 151篇 |
2017年 | 181篇 |
2016年 | 195篇 |
2015年 | 216篇 |
2014年 | 508篇 |
2013年 | 607篇 |
2012年 | 648篇 |
2011年 | 794篇 |
2010年 | 605篇 |
2009年 | 545篇 |
2008年 | 631篇 |
2007年 | 617篇 |
2006年 | 549篇 |
2005年 | 397篇 |
2004年 | 295篇 |
2003年 | 243篇 |
2002年 | 177篇 |
2001年 | 163篇 |
2000年 | 138篇 |
1999年 | 80篇 |
1998年 | 54篇 |
1997年 | 35篇 |
1996年 | 41篇 |
1995年 | 18篇 |
1994年 | 23篇 |
1993年 | 17篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有8815条查询结果,搜索用时 625 毫秒
101.
102.
An Econometric Estimation of Industrial Water Demand in France 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Arnaud Reynaud 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2003,25(2):213-232
This study investigates the structure of industrial water demand byestimating the derived demand for water on a sample of industrialestablishments located in the south-west of France. Productiontechnologies are represented by short-term variable cost functions andapproximated by a translog form. Industrial water use is modeled ashaving three components: the quantity of water bought to a waterutility, the quantity of autonomous water and the quantity of watertreated prior to use. We include in this framework water effluents,which are considered as a by-product of the production process, emittedby firms. Each of the three water components is treated as a separateinput and all are estimated as a system of simultaneous equations. Themodel is estimated on a sample of 51 industrial plants in the Girondedistrict observed from 1994 to 1996 using Seemingly Unrelated Regression(SUR) and Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS). Results ofestimations show that industrial firms are sensitive to water priceinputs. Network water elasticity is estimated at –0.29. It variesfrom –0.10 to –0.79 according to the type of industryconsidered. Autonomous water price elasticity is not significant.Elasticity for treated water is evaluated at –1.42 at themean-sample and varies from –0.90 to –2.21 according to theindustry considered. 相似文献
103.
This paper discusses and contrasts two mainroles of forestry in light of the debate on theglobal climate. As the main problem is relatedto the increases of the CO2-concentrationin the atmosphere, forests may be viewed aspart of the alleviation of the problem throughtheir function as (i) a source of biomass forenergy production, which may replace fossilfuels and thus indirectly reduceCO2-emissions, and as (ii) carbon storage,since a growing forest extracts atmosphericCO2 and fixes it as carbon in biomass. Inthe Scandinavian forestry, logging residues areincreasingly being used for energy production.In this paper the value of forests as a sourceof bioenergy is added to the traditional timbervalue. Formulated as a joint production modelwithin the Faustmann framework, the effect ofthis addition on the optimal rotation length isdiscussed. Based on data for spruce, thedominant species in the Scandinavian forestry,it is demonstrated that the rotation length isshortened compared to the standard Faustmannmodel. Shorter rotation length implies lesscarbon storage. Therefore, in this modelwithout explicit regard to the social carbonstorage value of the forest, the gains in termsof the climate problem from utilisation offorest biomass for energy production are beingdiminished by the value of reduced carbonstorage. The carbon value of the forest is thenadded to complete the model, with the effect ofincreasing the rotation length, a result thatis well known in the literature. Finally, theempirical effects of the interaction of thesetwo climate-related value elements of theforest are discussed. 相似文献
104.
In this paper we introduce a complete duality theory based on directional distance functions. This duality theory parallels the duality theory based on radial distance functions in Färe and Primont (1995). 相似文献
105.
Economic reforms,efficiency and productivity in Chinese banking 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper analyzes the impact of banking reforms on efficiency and total factor productivity (TFP) change in Chinese banking
industry. Using an input distance function, we find that joint-equity banks are more efficient than wholly state-owned banks
(WSOBs). Furthermore, both WSOBs and joint-equity banks are found to be operating slightly below their optimal size, suggesting
potential advantages in expansion of their businesses. Overall, TFP growth was 4.4% per annum for the sample period 1993–2002.
Joint-equity banks experienced much higher growth in TFP (5.5% per annum) compared to the WSOBs (1.4% per annum).
相似文献
106.
Outsourcing, Imports and Labour Demand 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
This paper examines the effects of purchased services and imported intermediate materials on the labour demand for different skills in German manufacturing sectors. We derive and estimate a factor demand system based on the generalised Box–Cox cost function nesting both the normalised quadratic and the translog functional form. We find that the impacts of output and capital growth are more important in explaining the demand for heterogeneous labour than substitution effects between labour and non–labour inputs. Similarly, the increasing use of both imported materials and purchased services is a consequence of output growth rather than input substitution.
JEL classification : J 23; O 33 相似文献
JEL classification : J 23; O 33 相似文献
107.
制造系统的有效性需要通过先进制造技术与生产流程的合理匹配来体现。在分析各种先进制造技术与生产流程相互关系的基础上,提出了协同度的概念,并给出了其计算方法。 相似文献
108.
109.
有效供给不足抑制中国消费需求——从长短期消费函数看消费不足的问题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2005年是中国经济改革的关键一年,但目前宏观经济中出现了GDP增速减缓和消费需求疲软的突出矛盾。如何解决这一矛盾?相关文献通常在凯恩斯短期消费函数的基础上,认为消费拖累了GDP增长,并建议实施提高消费倾向、刺激消费需求的宏观消费管理政策。文章通过长期消费函数分析后发现是有效供给不足压抑了消费。因此,文章建议从加强供给管理入手,为社会提供更多的有效供给才是化解宏观经济矛盾的战略选择。 相似文献
110.
中国粮食生产区域分化特征和成因的实证研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对中国在1990年和2002年粮食生产的区域分化状况进行统计分析的结果表明,工业化和城市化的发展,以及农产品市场形成条件下,稻米生产的区域分散特征、小麦生产的区域集中特征以及玉米播种面积的集中和生产产量的分散特征日益明显。计量检验显示,人均承包经营耕地面积和种植业收入比率是影响粮食生产区域分化的最主要的两个因素。 相似文献