The Rural Environment Protection Scheme of the Republic of Ireland

Agricultural modernisation has had an impact on the Irish environment but official policy to address this developed only slowly. The reform of the EU CAP provided the incentive for the formulation of the Rural Environment Protection Scheme (REPS). This is a wide-ranging scheme to promote environmentally friendly farming through application of 11 measures and six supplementary measures. Significant characteristics of the REPS include its: universal availability, voluntary nature, comprehensiveness, payment limitation, tailoring to individual farms and inclusion of training. There has been a high level of adoption, with participation being greatest in the small-farm west with its cattle and sheep enterprises.     

Effects of Transport Regulation on the Oil Market: Does Market Power Matter?

Instruments used to regulate the consumption of oil in the transport sector include fuel taxes, biofuel requirements, and fuel‐efficiency standards. However, the effects that these have on oil consumption and price vary. If market power is present in the oil market, the directions of change in consumption and price might contrast with those in a competitive market. As a result, the market structure affects not only the effectiveness of the policy instruments used to reduce oil consumption, but also the terms of trade and carbon leakage. In particular, reduced oil consumption, as a result of increased fuel‐efficiency standards, will unambiguously increase the price of oil under a monopoly.     

全面深化改革 助推煤炭工业转型升级

总结了近年来我国煤炭工业取得的显著成绩。通过分析国内外煤炭消费形势,认为煤炭在较长时期内依然是我国主体能源。指出,在机遇与挑战并存,希望与困难同在的今天,煤炭行业要认真学习贯彻党的十八届三中全会精神,落实国办57号、99号、104号文件提出的具体工作任务,全面深化改革,抓好＂一个深化、五个推进、实现六个转变＂等各项工作。     

“十三五”时期世界经济走势与我国外部发展环境

“十三五”时期，我国经济总体上仍处于重要的发展战略机遇期，但世界政治经济格局将出现去全球化苗头，主要国家对我态度变化甚至转折，我国经济发展的外部环境趋于严峻。为此，必须实施商品出口与“走出去”并重的对外经济战略，推动我国对外经济从开放经济向国际经济的转变。     

An utility-based decision support sustainability model in slow steaming maritime operations

This paper analyses slow steaming sustainability initiatives and generalizes the traditional discrete cost-based decision support model into novel continuous utility-based models. Two models based on logarithmic and linear utility functions are developed for risk-averse and risk-neutral decision makers respectively. The models, considering fuel consumption, carbon emission, and on time delivery, are applied to a Trans-pacific trade service route. A sensitivity analysis is conducted on parameters of sailing distance, expected transit time, quantity, and emission policies. The model contributes to ship liners on the optimal speed decisions in continuous utility-based slow steaming operations.     

秦东民间资本投资环境问题及改善思路

秦东地区民间资本投资环境存在诸多问题,良好的投资环境是促进秦东民间资本投资发展和经济水平提升的重要保障。通过分析秦东地区目前民间资本投资环境的问题,进而提出可行性对策,才能为秦东民间资本投资环境的改善提供良好的契机。     

住房消费对美国宏观经济的影响

以分析住房消费在美国经济中的地位和住房市场的演变为基础,本文探讨了住房消费对美国宏观经济的影响:住房消费促进经济回升的功能较强,住房租赁收入与经济周期关系密切,住房消费对就业带动能力较大。文章最后提出了积极推进我国城市尤其大都市区房地产租赁市场快速有序发展的政策建议。     

独立学院大学生的消费心理调查

独立学院的大学生因其家庭经济良好,在消费观念上呈现出消费高水平差距大、消费种类单一、消费取向不合理,本文分析消费现象后面存在的心理原因,提出学校应引导大学生建立科学、文明、个性的消费观念。     

日本企业环境管理的发展

环境污染，生态恶化已成为当今的一个全球性的紧迫问题，世界各国都在寻找着有效的解决途径。本文阐述了日本环境问题的演变过程和日本企业环境管理的基本状况，分析了日本企业环境管理的若干特点。     

六氟化硫（SF6）断路器的应用及六氟化硫环保问题

介绍了六氟化硫的性能及应用情况，阐述了六氟化硫断路器的工作原理。指出了六氟化硫断路器的安全隐患和毒性来源。若六氟化硫气体的含水量较高，则将使绝缘水平大大下降，接触电阻急剧增加，在运行中易发生损坏或爆炸事故。总结了六氟化硫断路器5个方面的毒性来源，介绍了工作过程中产生的有毒气体。最后提出了六氟化硫对环境的危害及回收利用问题。