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91.
This study examines the impact of bribery within the home country on firm exports by developing two contrasting hypotheses. On the one hand, preferential treatment resulting from government officials in exchange for bribes may promote exports by enhancing efficiency and enabling bribing firms to better compete in foreign markets. On the other hand, preferential treatment resulting from bribes may decrease exports by providing firms with more established positions within the domestic market diminishing the incentive to explore foreign markets. Adopting the three‐stage least squares method, we test these competing arguments using a sample of firms operating within transition economies. We find that bribery within the home country decreases rather than increases firm exports. The implications of our findings are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
92.
C. P. Barros 《Applied economics》2013,45(20):2398-2407
This study analyses the technical efficiency of Serie A Italian football clubs during the 2004–2012 seasons with a Bayesian stochastic frontier model using unique data extracted from clubs’ annual reports. Specifically, the focus of the study is on assessing the impact effects on clubs’ efficiency whether they are big clubs, they employ several foreign player, they compete in European competitions and their involvement with football scandals in the Italian football. The empirical results reveal that efficiency varies among the clubs analysed and policy implications are derived. 相似文献
93.
I. Chatterjee 《Applied economics》2013,45(25):3215-3227
While much of the existing literature on corruption looks at the effect of corruption on macro variables such as growth rates and income distribution, this study provides a departure by focussing on victims of corruption by using microdata to compare civilian and business corruption. This study finds that businesses face a stronger incidence of bribe demands than individuals. Though there are several differences between the determinants of the two forms of bribe victimization, there are also some similarities. Policies to combat corruption need to take into account both the differences and the similarities. 相似文献
94.
Marie Poprawe 《Applied economics》2013,45(23):2399-2412
This study empirically tests the hypothesis that corruption has a negative effect on tourism. Having to pay bribes while on holiday or a business trip increases the costs of travelling to a country where corruption is prevalent. Tourists are thus more likely to travel to countries where these additional costs do not need to be incurred. This hypothesis is tested using a panel data set of over 100 countries and 16 years. The results indicate that a 1-point increase in the Corruption Perception Index (implying a decrease in corruption) results in a 2% to 7% increase in tourist inflows. In addition, tourist inflows rise with GDP per capita, openness and growth and are higher in countries with a temperate climate. 相似文献
95.
Public trust in government and nongovernment organizations is essential to the public’s willingness to donate and to support those organizations. We measure public trust in disaster aid using people’s perception of these organizations’ effectiveness in delivering aid relief to the victims of two recent major earthquakes in China. Based on the survey data collected in 2013 from about 2100 residents in Hong Kong, we document the vulnerability of these residents’ trust perceptions in aid delivery. We find that the sharp decline in trust perception is highly negatively correlated with their perception of corruption of local governments in China. 相似文献
96.
International trade, in particular exports and imports, are regarded as important factors that can increase the economic development of the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. However, little is known whether the ability of these countries to strengthen their global positions in trade can be affected by the pervasiveness of local corruption. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of corruption on exports and imports in LAC countries. Our empirical results from the gravity model indicate that local corruption strongly reduces exports in the region. Thus, we conclude that LAC would be able to achieve more export growth if corruption in the region was effectively reduced. 相似文献
97.
Jacob W. Musila 《Journal Of African Business》2013,14(3):162-170
The author investigates the relationship between corruption and the newer proxies of democracy for African countries. The regression results suggest that countries that are relatively more democratic are also less corrupt. Of the different aspects of democracy examined, the functioning of government and political participation are found to be significantly correlated with corruption. The estimates suggest that countries with functioning and efficient governments and healthy political competition are less corrupt. Unlike the early empirical studies, the evidence of a nonlinear relationship between corruption and the new proxies of democracy is weak, especially after controlling for other factors and correcting for the endogeneity problem. Our results suggest that ethnolinguistic fractionalization and the level of development are also important determinants of the level of corruption in Africa. 相似文献
98.
AbstractThe relationship between FDI and corruption/institutional quality in host countries has been widely analyzed. However, the use of distinct samples and indicators for corruption tends to hinder the interpretation and outcomes of econometric assessments. The aims of this paper are to assess the extent to which the use of distinct proxies for corruption provides diverse evidence regarding the relationship between corruption and FDI, and to assess whether controlling for other indicators of institutional quality reinforces the effect of corruption indicators on FDI inflows. In order to accomplish these goals, we estimate a set of multivariate logistic models using 96 countries over the period 2000 to 2010. The results evidence that using distinct proxies for corruption variables, as well as controlling for other types of the countries’ institutional quality, generate distinct outcomes. In isolation, a country’s transparency and its citizens’ corruption perceptions fail to impact on FDI whereas a bribe-free environment is conducive to FDI inflows. When we control for the human, social and economic development of the countries, the impact of a transparent and bribe-free context on FDI attraction is enhanced. Overall, it is clear that in order to become a large recipient of FDI a country has to guarantee a transparent and bribe-free environment, characterized by low income taxes, high literacy rates and generalized economic freedom (own labor and property control by citizens). 相似文献
99.
医疗行业腐败的根源与对策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
医疗行业的腐败是一个全球性的问题,其产生的根源既存在一定的共性,也与各国的医疗体系自身特点有关。在发展中国家和转型国家,医疗行业腐败现象显得尤为严重。本文回顾了与医疗腐败相关的经济学文献,分析了医疗行业产生腐败现象的根源,并特别指出,转型国家中的医疗腐败现象具有鲜明的时代特征;对医疗腐败具体行为进行了分析,着重研究了转型国家中常见的非正式支付现象;最后,结合我国的特点提出了相关政策建议。 相似文献
100.
贿赂犯罪是世界范围内腐败问题的重要组成部分。随着社会政治、经济、文化等方面的发展,我国贿赂犯罪呈现出新特点,贿赂方式多样化、国际化,贿赂犯罪的内涵和外延也有待法律更合适地界定。对这些新问题的研究,将有利于我们更好地预防和打击贿赂犯罪。从犯罪构成四方面对贿赂犯罪发展中出现的各种新情况、新问题进行了探讨,对我国贿赂犯罪立法和司法提出了一系列建议。 相似文献