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241.
A dual representation of a technology, e.g., a cost function, may not contain all of the technological information, but it will contain all of the information about input vectors that would be chosen by a cost-minimizing firm. At least this much is clear for deterministic technologies. The main question addressed in this paper is whether the same can be said about stochastic technologies and their dual representations. Despite some pessimism expressed in the stochastic frontier literature on this question, we argue that there is no extra cost imposed in the stochastic case. Thus, the conclusion of this paper is: Just dual it! 相似文献
242.
对通货膨胀与人民币升值"悖论"的解释分为两个方面:导致通货膨胀不能"替代"人民币升值的原因是人民币升值预期的持续性和稳定性;导致人民币升值不能"替代"通货膨胀的原因是人民币汇率升值与通货膨胀传导机制失效,本轮通货膨胀主要是受食品价格上涨拉动的结构型通货膨胀,而非输入性通货膨胀,以及物价上涨的原因的多样性。 相似文献
243.
Victor Dulewicz Keith Gay Bernard Taylor 《Corporate Governance: An International Review》2007,15(6):1056-1069
This paper reports research conducted on detailed behavioural information from the UK Non‐Executive Director (NED) Awards 2006. The key findings were that outstanding Chairmen have a high level of integrity, showing high ethical standards in their own behaviour, as well as providing a lead on corporate governance matters. They promote investors' confidence and ensure high returns to investors. They spend significant time mentoring, developing and advising their colleagues, are team builders, are empathetic and very effective. They encourage contributions from fellow directors and achieve consensus yet they challenge and probe colleagues, especially the executive directors. They have an acute critical faculty and a critical thinking ability. 相似文献
244.
Cross‐cultural researchers have recently argued the need to develop frameworks that can help a diversity of individuals overcome obstacles to work together productively. This study proposes that a co‐operative, compared to a competitive and an avoidance, approach to managing conflict can strengthen relationships between foreign managers and Chinese employees. These relationships in turn facilitate trust and job commitment. Using the critical incident technique, Chinese employees from mainland China were interviewed on their interactions with their American and Japanese managers. Results support the hypotheses that co‐operative, but not competitive or avoidance, conflict management helps employees and their managers develop quality relationships and strengthen trust and commitment. Co‐operative conflict management may be an important way to overcome obstacles and develop e fective relationships within and across cultural boundaries. 相似文献
245.
Thomas Garavan Alma McCarthy Yanqing Lai Kevin Murphy Maura Sheehan Ronan Carbery 《Human Resource Management Journal》2021,31(1):93-119
Drawing on systems theory, we conducted a moderated meta‐analysis of the training and organisational performance relationship using 119 primary studies. We examined the moderating effects of quality versus quantity of training, time, institutional and organisational context factors in the relationship between training and organisational performance. Our findings reveal that training is positively and directly related to organisational performance with no statistically significant difference between measures of training quality and quantity. We found that the relationship was stronger over time and that country performance orientation and country labour cost moderate the training and organisational performance relationship. We found no evidence for the moderating effects of the three organisational context moderators we examined (i.e. industry sector, organisational size and technology intensity). Finally, our results reveal that training type (i.e. general or firm‐specific) does not moderate the training and organisational performance relationship. 相似文献
246.
This study investigates the antecedents and consequences of organization‐level inclusion climate. A national sample of human resource decision‐makers from 100 organizations described their firms' formal diversity management programs; 3,229 employees reported their perceptions of, and reactions to, their employers' diversity management. Multilevel analyses demonstrate that identity‐conscious programs (programs that target specific identity groups) generate an inclusion climate. Moreover, the analyses provide evidence of multilevel mediation: In organizations with an inclusion climate, individual employees perceive the organization as fulfilling its diversity management obligations and respond with higher levels of affective commitment. This study represents an important step toward understanding how a shared perception of organizational inclusiveness develops and how inclusion climate facilitates the achievement of diversity management objectives. The findings also shed light on the important role of identity‐conscious programs in promoting organizational commitment within a diverse workforce. 相似文献
247.
Simon Thomas Robert Repetto Daniel Dias 《Corporate Governance: An International Review》2007,15(3):421-426
This paper introduces a new measure, based on a study by Trucost and Dr Robert Repetto, combining external environmental costs with established measures of economic value added, and demonstrates how this measure can be incorporated into financial analysis. We propose that external environmental costs are relevant to all investors: universal investors are concerned about the scale of external costs whether or not regulations to internalise them are likely; mainstream investors need to understand external costs as an indication of future regulatory compliance costs; and SRI investors need to evaluate companies on both financial and social performance. The paper illustrates our new measure with data from US electric utilities and illustrates how the environmental exposures of different fund managers and portfolios can be compared. With such measures fund managers can understand and control portfolio‐wide environmental risks, demonstrate their environmental credentials quantitatively and objectively and compete for the increasing number of investment mandates that have an environmental component. 相似文献
248.
施工成本预测是成本管理的目标,施工成本计划是成本管理的基础,施工成本控制是成本管理的重要环节,施工成本核算是成本管理的主要内容,施工成本分析和考核是成本管理的手段。成本控制效果如何,不仅关系到项目能否顺利完成,而且还直接影响到施工企业的经济效益。文章以成本控制理论为基础,探讨了当前工程项目施工成本控制的个人见解。 相似文献
249.
Jeremy Galbreath 《Business Strategy and the Environment》2018,27(6):742-756
Following the attention‐based view of the firm (ABV), boards of directors’ link to corporate sustainable development (CSD) could be dependent upon certain attention structures: valuation of environmental stimuli, rules of the game and the players. Studying a sample of large Australian firms, the findings indicate that the proposed attention‐directing structures do appear to be linked to CSD in a manner consistent with the ABV. Specifically, creating awareness through scanning efforts links boards to CSD. Stakeholder debate, as a boardroom rule, is also significantly associated with CSD. Furthermore, as a so‐called ‘player’ on the board, women directors have a moderating effect on the relationships between environmental scanning, stakeholder debate and CSD. The findings are discussed along with limitations and directions for future research. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment 相似文献
250.
Violetta Bacon‐Gerasymenko Russell Coff Rodolphe Durand 《Journal of Management Studies》2016,53(8):1292-1319
The fundamental questions we address are whether firms with a higher initial forecasting ability are able to accurately revise the exit forecasts of their investments; and how co‐investment partners and value‐adding commitment with their investment influence the main effect. We explore these questions with novel and unique data collected via mixed research methods on venture capital firms’ forecasts of 114 portfolio companies. We find that venture capital firms that are better at making initial forecasts are less effective in revising their forecasts. In addition, while the number of co‐investment partners positively moderate this relationship, venture capital firms’ value‐adding commitment moderates it negatively. Our findings contribute to the literature on organizational forecasting as well as inter‐organizational knowledge transfer and knowledge creation. They also provide novel insights into venture capital literature and practice. 相似文献