WTO与我国的反补贴立法

本文在阐述国外对我国的反补贴形势,以及对国际上反补贴立法进行比较研究的基础上,指出我国关于反补贴的立法和实践与WTO《SCM协议》存在一定的差距,并提出了建议。     

美国对华“双反”调查特征与影响效应研究

反倾销和反补贴措施是当前全球贸易摩擦与争端的焦点.美国作为中国主要的贸易伙伴,已经成为对华发起反倾销反补贴合并调查最多的国家,中美贸易关系成为当今政治与经济的焦点问题之一.文章系统分析了美国对华发起反倾销反补贴合并调查的特征与强度,并从贸易限制效应与贸易转移效应角度,重点分析美国“双反”调查对我国涉案产品出口产生的影响.结果表明,美国“双反”调查对我国涉案产品出口产生了不同程度的贸易限制效应,同时征收反倾销和反补贴税是产生贸易转移效应的主要原因.     

我国对美国白羽肉鸡产品反补贴案上游补贴规则的运用与述评

通过对美国肉鸡产品反补贴案法律规则适用情况的分析,发现这是我国商务部借鉴美国上游补贴规则的理论和实践,首次运用上游补贴规则进行补贴利益传递分析并做出肯定性裁决的案件。尽管在我国法律法规没有明文规定上游补贴规则的情况下,我国商务部的这种做法可能存在重大的法律瑕疵,但也表明了我国亟需制定上游补贴规则的紧迫现实。为此,现阶段我国的上游补贴立法和实践应注意投入产品所接受补贴的性质、上游补贴的保护对象、上游补贴的地域性限制及审慎适用等问题。     

A Philosopher's Comment on Philosophico-Economic Relations

Scottish philosophers in the eighteenth century interpreted the market economy as a “civil society,” a path toward freedom and a new morality, separate from monarchal government. They expected markets to be self regulating and expected them to function with ties to a moral life. The market was a civil order, but that vision was destroyed when corporations rose to power in succeeding centuries, and governments were enlarged to regulate markets. Today we see a concern about big corporations and government bureaucracy, and a return to the idea of a “civil society.” This article proposes that today's vision of “civil society” is advanced by an economy that returns to its principles of self (civil) regulation. Markets become civil and self regulating when government, business, and nonprofits cooperate to create systems of social accountability for the common good. A self-regulating market is constructed experimentally through civil associations with self-enforceable codes of conduct, civic-oriented partnerships, legislation, banking, investments, and corporations whose policies are based on stakeholder studies that reduce moral and financial costs. Modest steps toward a self-regulating economy offers a foundation for today's version of a “civil society.”     

零售商抗衡势力的理论与实证研究综述

无论是20世纪80年代美国市场沃尔玛与宝洁的“冷战”,还是近年来我国市场上格力与国美的“较劲”,都无可争议地反映了零售商相对于制造商的抗衡势力越来越显著。本文从理论模型、经验研究和实验设计等方面,系统综述了零售商抗衡势力的测度方法及其对消费者价格、产业链绩效和社会福利影响的相关研究进展,以此对我国零售业实施相关的规制政策提供一定的理论指导和经验借鉴。     

The Impact of Internationalisation on the Swedish Food Industry

Abstract

The European integration process has changed the competitive landscape in many industries. The questions raised in this paper concern the reactions of national firms that are subjected to this process of internationalisation of competition.

This study highlights the vertical inter-dependence within a system of production and distribution. In internationalisation theory, most studies have focused on how firms become international or global players, where entrance into new markets is seen as a result of strategic decisions.

To illustrate this process, three industries in food production, that is the baking, the brewing and the confectionery industries, were chosen.

The results indicate that a supra-industrial strategic recipe exists, with a core content of specialised volume production. The discussion on company strategies focussed on the retail sector. The findings might be interpreted in the light of Galbraith's theory of countervailing power.     

美国国际贸易法院判定美国商务部对河北兴茂轮胎有限公司非公路用轮胎“双反”措施不当案评述

美国进口商和中国出口商不满美国商务部对来自中国的某些非公路用轮胎实施反倾销和反补贴税的裁定,向美国国际贸易法院提出起诉。美国国际贸易法院裁定,美国法律没有明确规定反倾销税法是否可适用于非市场经济国家;本案中美国商务部做的"双反"裁定,在方法上不合理。本文在介绍该案的基本案情、归纳法院推理和判决的基础上,对该案涉及的法律问题做了简要评论。     

上游补贴规则:国际反补贴法的重大发展——基于美国商务部实践的考察

上游补贴概念的提出,赋予了补贴更加宽泛的定义和判断标准,将反补贴的价值理念拓展至产品的生产要素领域,从而扩大了反补贴调查的适用范围。而美国商务部在实践中所演绎出的一整套补贴利益传递分析方法,则为抵消上游补贴对自由竞争造成的损害确立了可供操作的、相对严格的规则框架,是对国际反补贴法的重大发展。我国亟需深入研究和借鉴美国上游补贴的立法和实践。     

国外对华反补贴现状及中国补贴政策分析

国外对华反补贴已经呈现出案件数量快速增长、双反同时进行、反补贴税率高等显著特点。文章通过对国外对华反补贴现状的分析,探讨我国现行补贴政策中哪些是需要特别予以关注的措施,通过分析指出我国现行补贴政策中既有与WTO规则相一致的内容,也存在某些仍需进一步调整和改进的措施。针对不同情况,我国应当对现有补贴政策进行调整与完善,以期减缓对华反补贴案件和多边补贴争端案件的增长。