金融危机下美国加大对华反补贴的深层根源分析

世界金融危机的爆发和全球经济的衰退,直接影响到全球贸易活动的萎缩,贸易保护主义兴起。尤其是美国开始频频对中国采取反补贴措施,将对中国的外贸和产业发展带来重要影响。本文提出:中美贸易顺差的不断扩大是美国加大对华反补贴的直接因素、中美之间产业分工格局导致不同产业贸易竞争力失衡是客观因素、美国贸易政策的政治化倾向是美国加大对华反补贴的特有背景、中国长期发展模式积累的弊端是引致国外反补贴的内在原因。     

社会保障基金运行中的道德风险及防范

随着我国社会保障基金规模的扩大,在其运行中存在着的道德风险问题也日益凸显,主要表现为政府挤占挪用,保障机构违规操作,冒领、骗领社会保障基金等行为增多。为有效防范社保基金运行中的道德风险,应加速构建以自治为核心,监治为约束,法制为保障的高效风险的抗衡体系,以此遏止社会保障基金运行中道德风险的滋生与蔓延。     

国外对华反补贴现状及中国补贴政策分析

国外对华反补贴已经呈现出案件数量快速增长、双反同时进行、反补贴税率高等显著特点。文章通过对国外对华反补贴现状的分析,探讨我国现行补贴政策中哪些是需要特别予以关注的措施,通过分析指出我国现行补贴政策中既有与WTO规则相一致的内容,也存在某些仍需进一步调整和改进的措施。针对不同情况,我国应当对现有补贴政策进行调整与完善,以期减缓对华反补贴案件和多边补贴争端案件的增长。     

论《补贴与反补贴协定》及反补贴调查的应对措施

随着我国对外贸易的迅速增长,针对我国出口产品的新贸易壁垒措施--反补贴调查越来越多,我国面临的反补贴形势日趋严峻.政府应合理调整补贴政策,完善反补贴立法,逐步取消"红灯类"补贴,规避可申诉补贴的红灯性,充分利用不可申诉补贴,广泛利用发展中国家的特殊待遇.企业应对反补贴调查要加大对专业人才的培养,转变低价营销策略,采取交叉补贴战略,尽快完善行业协会的建设.充分利用贸易救济措施,抵制国外反补贴调查.     

The Impact of Internationalisation on the Swedish Food Industry

Abstract

The European integration process has changed the competitive landscape in many industries. The questions raised in this paper concern the reactions of national firms that are subjected to this process of internationalisation of competition.

This study highlights the vertical inter-dependence within a system of production and distribution. In internationalisation theory, most studies have focused on how firms become international or global players, where entrance into new markets is seen as a result of strategic decisions.

To illustrate this process, three industries in food production, that is the baking, the brewing and the confectionery industries, were chosen.

The results indicate that a supra-industrial strategic recipe exists, with a core content of specialised volume production. The discussion on company strategies focussed on the retail sector. The findings might be interpreted in the light of Galbraith's theory of countervailing power.     

美国对华“双反”调查特征与影响效应研究

反倾销和反补贴措施是当前全球贸易摩擦与争端的焦点.美国作为中国主要的贸易伙伴,已经成为对华发起反倾销反补贴合并调查最多的国家,中美贸易关系成为当今政治与经济的焦点问题之一.文章系统分析了美国对华发起反倾销反补贴合并调查的特征与强度,并从贸易限制效应与贸易转移效应角度,重点分析美国“双反”调查对我国涉案产品出口产生的影响.结果表明,美国“双反”调查对我国涉案产品出口产生了不同程度的贸易限制效应,同时征收反倾销和反补贴税是产生贸易转移效应的主要原因.     

A Philosopher's Comment on Philosophico-Economic Relations

Scottish philosophers in the eighteenth century interpreted the market economy as a “civil society,” a path toward freedom and a new morality, separate from monarchal government. They expected markets to be self regulating and expected them to function with ties to a moral life. The market was a civil order, but that vision was destroyed when corporations rose to power in succeeding centuries, and governments were enlarged to regulate markets. Today we see a concern about big corporations and government bureaucracy, and a return to the idea of a “civil society.” This article proposes that today's vision of “civil society” is advanced by an economy that returns to its principles of self (civil) regulation. Markets become civil and self regulating when government, business, and nonprofits cooperate to create systems of social accountability for the common good. A self-regulating market is constructed experimentally through civil associations with self-enforceable codes of conduct, civic-oriented partnerships, legislation, banking, investments, and corporations whose policies are based on stakeholder studies that reduce moral and financial costs. Modest steps toward a self-regulating economy offers a foundation for today's version of a “civil society.”     

中美钢铁贸易摩擦的原因、影响及对策分析

近年来,随着中国对美钢铁产品出口规模的不断扩大,中美钢铁贸易摩擦不断发生,我国钢铁企业面临严峻的出口形势。中美钢铁贸易摩擦主要基于中国钢铁产品对美出口量激增、中国钢铁产品价格优势明显和美国贸易保护主义抬头等几方面原因,既促进了中国钢铁行业产业转型升级、加剧了国内钢铁企业竞争,有利于资源优化配置和实现出口市场多元化,又限制了钢铁相关产业发展,在全球范围内产生示范效应,从政府、企业和行业协会三个层面提出了应对中美钢铁贸易摩擦的对策建议。     

美国国际贸易法院判定美国商务部对河北兴茂轮胎有限公司非公路用轮胎“双反”措施不当案评述

美国进口商和中国出口商不满美国商务部对来自中国的某些非公路用轮胎实施反倾销和反补贴税的裁定,向美国国际贸易法院提出起诉。美国国际贸易法院裁定,美国法律没有明确规定反倾销税法是否可适用于非市场经济国家;本案中美国商务部做的"双反"裁定,在方法上不合理。本文在介绍该案的基本案情、归纳法院推理和判决的基础上,对该案涉及的法律问题做了简要评论。