中美钢铁贸易摩擦的原因、影响及对策分析

近年来,随着中国对美钢铁产品出口规模的不断扩大,中美钢铁贸易摩擦不断发生,我国钢铁企业面临严峻的出口形势。中美钢铁贸易摩擦主要基于中国钢铁产品对美出口量激增、中国钢铁产品价格优势明显和美国贸易保护主义抬头等几方面原因,既促进了中国钢铁行业产业转型升级、加剧了国内钢铁企业竞争,有利于资源优化配置和实现出口市场多元化,又限制了钢铁相关产业发展,在全球范围内产生示范效应,从政府、企业和行业协会三个层面提出了应对中美钢铁贸易摩擦的对策建议。     

美国国际贸易法院判定美国商务部对河北兴茂轮胎有限公司非公路用轮胎“双反”措施不当案评述

美国进口商和中国出口商不满美国商务部对来自中国的某些非公路用轮胎实施反倾销和反补贴税的裁定,向美国国际贸易法院提出起诉。美国国际贸易法院裁定,美国法律没有明确规定反倾销税法是否可适用于非市场经济国家;本案中美国商务部做的"双反"裁定,在方法上不合理。本文在介绍该案的基本案情、归纳法院推理和判决的基础上,对该案涉及的法律问题做了简要评论。     

零售商抗衡势力的理论与实证研究综述

无论是20世纪80年代美国市场沃尔玛与宝洁的“冷战”,还是近年来我国市场上格力与国美的“较劲”,都无可争议地反映了零售商相对于制造商的抗衡势力越来越显著。本文从理论模型、经验研究和实验设计等方面,系统综述了零售商抗衡势力的测度方法及其对消费者价格、产业链绩效和社会福利影响的相关研究进展,以此对我国零售业实施相关的规制政策提供一定的理论指导和经验借鉴。     

WTO subsidy rules and tariff liberalization: evidence from accession of China

Countries increasingly rely on subsidies to assist their producers leading to concerns about their potential misuse. The WTO regulates its members’ subsidies by defining subsidies that are permissible, as well as by providing means to retaliate against subsidies of partner countries if these subsidies hurt one's interest. However, these subsidy rules might have an unintended effect. As both subsidies and tariffs are substitute instruments of protection, tighter subsidy rules might lead to a decrease in the pace of tariff liberalization. In this paper, we present first empirical evidence in support of this prediction. Using China's accession to the WTO in 2001 as a case study, we show that China's accession to the WTO was associated with a relative increase in its tariffs for products that faced a higher threat of retaliation against subsidies. More importantly, we also show that increases in tariff were larger in products with higher potential costs imposed by retaliation. Finally, we include several robustness tests as well as conduct two counterfactual exercises to verify that the results we obtain are indeed due to perceived threat of retaliation against subsidies.     

PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION: AN ALTERNATIVE TO CVDS

By using a Cournot model where a domestic firm competes with a foreign firm in the domestic market, this paper suggests that, in addition to countervailing duty measures allowed by the World Trade Organization, product differentiation between the goods produced by the domestic and foreign firms could be considered as a way of eliminating foreign export subsidies.     

出口补贴与反补贴对国民福利影响的经济分析

2008年,在全球性金融危机以后,各国政府为增加就业,先后颁布了很多新的出口刺激计划,补贴与反补贴有所增加。分析了补贴与反补贴对国民经济福利的影响,主要的结论是补贴措施与反补贴措施都会导致国民经济总福利的下降,也从集体行动的角度分析了导致福利水平下降的贸易政策为什么会在民主国家实施的问题。     

纺织行业应对美国“双反”措施的策略分析

通过例证剖析目前美国"双反"措施对我国纺织业的严峻挑战,以及积极应对"双反"调查的紧迫性和必要性,本文探索了造成美国对我国纺织品进行"双反"调查的国内外因素,剖析了美国"双反"措施的特点和危害性,从政府、行业、企业等视域提出了切实合理可行的应对建议。     

WTO视角下中美可再生能源补贴政策比较分析

2010年9月9日美国钢铁工人联合会(USW)针对中国发起的新能源反补贴调查,使中国陷入"双重困境"之中。面对压力,寻求突破,首先必须做到知己知彼。本文旨在通过对我国可再生能源政策的全面梳理,厘清我国可再生能源补贴政策现状,剖析USW指控的相关内容,分析其与WTO的《补贴与反补贴规则》的相容性;并通过对美国可再生能源补贴政策的分析,指出美国可再生能源补贴的现状与特征,在彼此对照中获得借鉴与启示,为我国从容应对压力提供政策建议。     

反补贴产业损害评估指标体系的构建

随着我国参与国际贸易的深度和广度的不断增加,我国面临的贸易摩擦问题已经由企业的微观层面向政府政策的宏观层面发展,补贴与反补贴问题越来越受国内外学者的关注。为科学合理的确定反补贴产业损害程度,应对国外反补贴以及通过反补贴手段保护国内产业。文章通过对WTO规定的反补贴实施的条件及其影响因素分析,构建了反补贴产业损害评估指标体系。     

我国清洁能源产业反补贴的法律救济

清洁能源及其相关产业已经成为各国提升竞争力的焦点。为扶持本国清洁能源产业的发展,各国出台了大量的包括补贴在内的措施。但是世界贸易组织的《补贴与反补贴措施协定》并未对清洁能源补贴明确规定,这引发了美国对我国风能设备补贴的质疑。我国应以清洁能源补贴问题为契机,推动《SCM协定》中不可诉补贴规则的完善,并积极运用世贸组织争端解决机制应对发达国家对清洁能源的补贴。