Responding to the bed bug crisis in social media

The increasing trend in social media changes the landscape of crisis communication and thus, calls for innovation in hotel crisis management practices. This research examined how New York City hotels responded to recent issues surrounding the bed bug crisis on the social media site TripAdviosr. This study adopted a mixed methods research design. The quantitative findings revealed that hotels’ response behaviors were associated with organizational factors (e.g. hotel's popularity, average rating, and star rating) and the rating of online reviews. The qualitative findings indicated that hotels employed various types of strategies in the response, which were dominated by strategies of bolstering and enhancing. In conclusion, this study addressed the need for a proactive approach in hotel crisis management and provided practical implications.     

南京国民政府前期中国农业合作金融的三层结构

南京国民政府前期，中国农业合作金融无论从参与主体、资金来源或贷款形式等各方面，都表现出多元化的特点。从层次上讲，此时期中国农业合作金融基本可分为三个层次：以农村信用合作社为主的各类合作金融组织构成体系的第一层次，成为农业合作金融的核心；各类合作指导机构除为合作组织提供资金支持之外，主要是在整个体系中起到内引外联的桥梁作用，构成合作金融体系的中间层次；商业与农业金融机构构成体系的外围，承担主要的资金供给任务。不同层次主体之间各有分工，但又有职能的交叉，形成农业合作金融体系的网状结构。     

“I will never go to Hong Kong again!” How the secondary crisis communication of “Occupy Central” on Weibo shifted to a tourism boycott

Social media, an open space for the public's opinion and expression, has become an increasingly essential issue in crisis events, leading to secondary crisis communication. Realizing the potential risk of that, this study took the “Occupy Central” spreading on Weibo as a case, and applied topic clustering and sentiment analysis to examine the sequential characteristics of secondary crisis communication on social media in topics and emotions. Results show that the topics Weibo users discussed shifted from a political event to tourism boycott, with emotions turning increasingly negative. The turning point of such a transfer was aroused group conflicts and negative emotions elicited between people from mainland China and Hong Kong. The results indicate the necessity of emphasizing secondary crisis communication during a crisis due to the dynamic and sequential change of topics and public's emotions, which may result in new crises impacting the tourism destination where the initial crisis occurs.     

当前我国中小企业融资难的原因及对策探析

近年来,随着我国中小企业的不断发展,中小企业融资难的问题成为了社会各界探索和研究的焦点问题之一。本文从金融机构、企业自身、社会中介服务机构、社会担保体系以及民间融资的发展情况等全方位地剖析中小企业融资难的原因,并在此基础上提出了解决我国当前中小企业融资难的具体对策和想法。     

中小企业与银行的信贷博弈模型构建

中小企业在国民经济中占有重要地位,但其融资难的问题却普遍存在,这无疑极大阻碍其发展。本文针对中小企业与银行间的关系,分析了贷前分开均衡和合并均衡存在的条件,以及贷后从银行考查与否和企业骗贷与否两方面给出了银企在多次信贷中的复制动态过程。并探讨了建立新型银企关系的条件,为银行在完全市场条件下的贷前信号博弈和有限理性下的贷后进化博弈中,如何有效规避信贷风险提出了改进思路。     

Social capital,institutional innovation and Atlantic trade before 1800

The growth of the Atlantic economy during the eighteenth century has been associated with developments in business networking to mitigate the hazards of communication in long-distance trade. Such social capital-based mechanisms reduced transaction costs, but also proved to have their limitations in the changing conditions of eighteenth-century international trade. This paper argues, using the example of the British slave trade, that efforts to innovate less personalised forms of commercial exchange gave those prepared to do so a considerable competitive advantage, and promoted the unprecedented expansion of that trade between 1750 and 1807. We suggest that this shift may be viewed as a precursor of modernising tendencies in business practice in Britain during the industrial revolution.     

就业困境的经济学分析与税收政策选择

全球性金融危机导致我国经济增长速度减缓,使得原本艰难的就业形势变得更为严峻.从经济学角度来看.有效需求不足、经济结构调整和信息不对称等是当前我国就业困难的主要原因.通过分析税收政策对就业的效用和借鉴国外促进就业税收政策的经验,提出了实行结构性减税、加大就业密集型行业和特殊人群的税收优惠、开征失业保险税等促进就业的一系列税收政策建议.     

Crisis of Governance

Abstract

This paper looks at links between firms' behavior and the institutional environment in Russia. It seeks to show that the intentional weakening of the economic and administrative role of the state in the early stages of reforms has increased the economic and social cost of transition. This happens as the majority of firms in Russia still prefer short-term solutions and partial adjustment to full-scale restructuring as they often fail to show anticipated responses following privatization and price liberalization. The shortage of market-type response can be attributed to the fragility of market-based incentives. The new institutional economics maintains that the cradle for these incentives is the system of institutions, which are the rules of the game in the society or, more formally, the humanly-devised constraints that shape human interactions. Accordingly, this paper argues that for the post-communist reforms to achieve their objectives, it is essential for the state to provide a framework, institutionalizing economic conflict and thus contributing to sustainable development. However, the analysis suggests that the evolvement of a modern institutional rëgime in the country is likely to be delayed as a consequence of vested interest of a number of powerful economic groups.     

飞鸿公司的燃眉之急

飞鸿股份有限公司主要从事国内沿海和国际远洋货物运输业务。2008年，该公司准备增加公司的运力，购买一艘7万吨级的散装二手货船，而该船在二手船市场上国内外买家众多，竞争激烈。飞鸿公司急需在最短时间内融资到1500万美元购买该船，于是，飞鸿公司向Z银行提出融资申请。考虑到从海外购买船只需要等待政府批准，这与公司急需购买船只是相矛盾的，且在当时国际金融危机爆发和中国航运业指数下滑背景下，银行向飞鸿公司提供贷款会有较大风险，而银行又有向客户提供优质服务的使命，怎么办？Z银行做出决定变得非常艰难。该案例属于决策型案例，描述了Z银行经理层的决策场景和特定的决策过程。     

浅析外贸企业的客户信用风险管理

随着我国市场经济和国际贸易的快速发展,信用交易方式已成为外贸企业的主要结算方式之一,随之而来的是企业的信用风险日益加剧。因此如何加强外贸企业的信用风险管理,建立一套适合自身情况的信用风险管理模式,成为外贸企业必须解决的问题。本文介绍了信用风险的相关理论,提出了适合外贸企业的信用额度确定方法,并阐述了外贸企业在信用销售后应该采用的技术控制方法及应该配套制定的信用管理制度。