Do Monetary Unions Make Economic Sense? Evidence from the Scandinavian Currency Union, 1873–1913

Popular propositions as to what constitutes a successful single currency area are examined by looking at the Scandinavian Currency Union (1873–1913) formed by Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Applying a frequently used indicator of the desirability of monetary union, we study the symmetry of country-specific structural shocks (measured net of the non-Scandinavian influence) in these three countries. It is found that country-specific shocks are not highly symmetric. This conclusion is also supported by the absence of clear-cut differences between the pattern of structural shocks in Belgium and structural shocks in the Scandinavian countries. This suggests that the three Scandinavian countries did not form an optimum currency area during the period 1873–1913.
JEL classification : F 15; F 33; N 13     

适度宽松的货币政策下中小物流企业融资问题的思考

随着我国经济的发展,物流业进入了一个高速增长的阶段,而这一行业以中小企业居多,和其他中小企业一样,资金的短缺严重制约了它们的发展。探索如何在适度宽松的货币政策下解决中小物流企业融资问题,推动我国中小物流企业快速健康发展具有现实的意义。     

货币错配与通货膨胀目标制的不可行性：针对我国现实

现阶段我国正面临人民币汇率稳定与物价稳定的"两难冲突",国内外一些学者主张我国应该采用通货膨胀目标制。从货币错配的角度探讨通货膨胀目标制在我国的可行性表明,由于存在较严重的货币错配及特殊的国情,现阶段我国尚不具备实行通货膨胀目标制的条件,短期内,通货膨胀目标制在我国并不具有可行性,货币政策适合以货币供应数量和价格作为混合使用的政策调控目标。     

经济结构性失衡状态下的人民币汇率分析

目前,我国经济结构性失衡主要表现为总需求结构性失衡和货币结构性失衡。就经济的总需求结构而言,我国长期以来都是外需(净出口)拉动作用明显,而内需不足,呈现总需求长期结构性失衡。另外,货币流动性过剩更加剧了中国经济结构的失衡,其中外部失衡表现为贸易盈余迅速上升,内部失衡表现为投资相对于消费的过快增长。根据分析,笔者认为,短期内人民币汇率仍将上升,而长期必将存在一定幅度的下跌,并以此提出相关政策建议。     

实现金融货币资本化的基本思路

在日益发展的经济全球化地趋势下，我国的经济发展对资金容量和规模要求越来越高，而现有的财政供给和融资能量不足，这就要求政府相关职能部门提高融资效益。本就此提出实现金融货币资本这一建设性观点，从金融资产的“增量改革创新”入手，进而带动“存量资产”的改革，最终确立以商业银行为主体的多种所有制结构的现代银行体系。     

人力资本收益分配中的货币信息弱势问题

入力资本创造收益,在其收益的分配过程中,各种主体经常产生矛盾,这种矛盾的根源在于人力资本的物质投资者的货币信息弱势地位,即对人力资本的收益状况所知和所得往往较少,人力资本收益分配中的货币信息弱势,会导致外在于人力资本自然人承担者的物质投资者产生人才培养的困惑,他得不到适当的投资回报,往往就放弃投资,从而使人力资本自然人承担者难以获得物质资本投资者的支持,这是一种多输的格局,要破解它需要人才培养者、被培养者和社会共同努力来理顺其中的分配关系.     

Exchange Rate Fluctuations and Output in Oil-Producing Countries: The Case of Iran

Conventional wisdom states that currency depreciation in oil-producing countries is contractionary because demand effects, limited by the prevalence of oil exports priced in dollars, are more than offset by adverse supply effects. Iran, however, has experienced a rapid increase in nonoil exports in the past decade. Against this background, the paper tests whether the conventional wisdom still applies to Iran and concludes that the emergence of the nonoil export sector has made currency depreciation expansionary. The expansionary effect is particularly evident regarding anticipated persistent depreciation in the long run. Notwithstanding the varying effects of exchange rate fluctuations on the demand and supply sides of the economy, managing a flexible exchange rate gradually over time toward achieving stability in the real effective exchange rate may strike the necessary balance.     

微观视角下对亚元的探讨

以往大多学者对亚元的研究和探讨主要是从蒙代尔的最优货币区理论入手,通过对欧元产生机理和其带来的影响进行分析,然后对亚元存在的基础和可行性进行研究探讨,在研究方法上是站在一个宏观角度上进行例证的,这样很容易忽视亚元作为货币的微观性作用。本文从微观上对亚元进行探讨,假设亚洲货币合作区和亚元的存在,通过分析亚元的货币性职能即流通、支付、价值尺度和贮藏手段,使得我们能从微观层次上理解亚元的存在的可行性和必要性,从而为亚元的产生提供微观上的理论支持。     

A case against the consolidation of foreign subsidiaries’ and a United States parent’s financial statements

Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States usually require that companies which own more than 50% of the voting stock of foreign corporations prepare consolidated financial statements. The foreign financial statements must be recast into US GAAP and the foreign currency financial statements must be translated into US dollars. Alternative methods of translating foreign currency have major impacts on consolidated financial statements and on the behavior of management. Further, foreign subsidiary financial statements which are recast into US GAAP are less useful than the originals, and US users cannot analyze them without reference to the foreign environment. The interests of financial statement users are better served by alternative presentations of foreign currency denominated accounts rather than by consolidation.     

日本人为何鼓噪人民币升值

在经济危机的厄运中苦苦挣扎的日本，l0年来一败再败，至今没有找到让经济起死回生的良方。因此，一年以来日本舆论大肆鼓噪人民币应该升值，甚至希望让中国人犯他们过去已经犯过的错误，这样经济此消彼长或许对提高日本产品的竞争力有利。但这只能是日本一相情愿的事，至于我们怎样完善自己的汇率制度，那是中国人自己的事。我们要自己选择合适的时机、合适的模式完善人民币的汇率制度。