Why I am a Psychology Major: An Empirical Analysis of Student Motivations

The underlying “architecture of the decision to pursue a degree in psychology was quantified using the Method of Sorting technique to identifying the critical issues necessary to make this choice. Multidimentsional scaling procedures were employed to construct a three-dimensional map representing the relationships between reasons for selecting psychology as a major. Freshman and senior psychology majors (N = 165) from a regional university and a large research-based institution rated the relative importance of items in their decision-making process. Hierarchical clustering procedures revealed seven different groups of students. Although significant differences associated with class standing were not found, institutional affiliation did influence cluster composition. Reflecting local emphases, students at the regional institution had a greater interest in Counseling Psychology, whereas those at the research-based school focused on Clinical Psychology. This semantic map and the associated item clusters arising from psychology student data provides an empirical basis for, amongst other things, course selection, faculty-initiated program design or revision, strategic niche marketing, and student retention.     

On Social Statement Spaces

In this fundamental draft we shall introduce the concept of social propositional spaces as a general notion of social science and in particular language, logic and methodology. This should help us bridge an old gap between extension and cognition, or said in more specific words, between space as conceived in mathematics or physics and space as is brought in by social location, by the meaning of predicates, their explanation and logic. ¹ We shall not rely on the idea of factor analysis where some “main components” are fit into the data. Because the notion of euclidean normalization and orthogonality, in this context, is a bit artificial. We first show how combinatorial manifolds of statements can be represented in finite vector spaces over the Galois field F₂. This space which we denote as logic statement space can be spanned by generators of alternating codes. In this way the old concepts of truth tables and interaction attributes can be linked to informatics and in particular code theory and geometry. Extending the logic statement space onto a real vector space by mapping units of the finite rings onto units of the real rings we obtain logistic statement spaces. It turns out that vectors in logistic statement spaces represent cross-tables of logits connected with logistic regression analysis. As a completion of the theory we show that the logit is the first derivative of entropy with respect to probability.     

“Panelizing” Repeated Cross Sections

This paper considers the implementation of a non-stationary, heterogeneous Markov model for the analysis of binary dependent variables in a time series of repeated cross-sectional (RCS) surveys. The model offers the opportunity to estimate entry and exit transition probabilities and to examine the effects of time-constant and time-varying covariates on the hazards. We show how maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters can be obtained by Fishers method-of-scoring and how to estimate both fixed and time-varying covariate effects. The model is exemplified with an analysis of the labor force participation decision of Dutch and West German women using ISSP (and other) data from 10 annual Dutch surveys conducted between 1987 and 1996 and 7 annual West German surveys conducted between 1988 and 1994. Some open problems concerning the application of the model are discussed.     

以美国授权专利为视角浅析中国大陆创新能力

专利数量和质量是一个国家科技创新能力的重要表征。以在华机构获得的美国授权专利为研究对象,从专利数量、技术领域、区域分布、专利质量等多个角度进行了深入研究,探讨了我国大陆地区创新能力的发展态势。我国创新能力基础虽然薄弱,但发展迅速,尤其电子、信息、控制领域技术发展迅猛;内陆地区与沿海地区创新能力差距悬殊;台控股企业创新优势明显;大陆地区获得美国授权专利的质量分布不均衡。建议:我国在创新政策的制定上,应认识到专利数量和质量不是对立的;政府在资源配置的时候,应充分考虑区域之间存在的不均衡性;在对待创新能力在技术领域分布的不均衡性问题上,应充分尊重市场规律;应从基础领域和重点领域两方面,扩大我国专利的产业布局。     

Domestic demand and global production in the Eurozone: A multi-regional input-output assessment of the global crisis

This paper studies the effects of domestic and foreign demand impulses in euro area economies following the Great Recession of 2008–2009 and the Eurozone crisis of 2011–2012. Using a global Input–Output framework we apply a set of metrics to assess spillover effects of international trade in intermediates triggered by the dynamics of final demand. Our findings suggest that while cross-country trade spillovers have played a crucial role during the Great Recession, they have had a moderate impact when compared with the role of domestic sources of final demand during the Eurozone crisis. Hence, a strategy of coordinated fiscal austerity cannot be sustained by empirical evidence.     

模块化设计中的价值管理

模块化设计作为新产业结构的本质特征,实际上是工业时代产品标准化概念的延伸和发展。它既强调产品的统一性和各部分的标准化,同时又强调产品整体最优和各部分的创新性。分解组合思想是其基本思想所在,即将大系统“化整为零”,分解成为若干小系统,实现小系统局部最优和将小系统“合零为整”,使之相互协调配合,实现大系统全局最优的结合。文中运用系统评价的价值分析方法,以功能为核心对系统进行分解,使具有协同作用的模块的组合形成功能组合,达到整体功能最优,从而实现功能放大的效果,同时通过个别模块的替代或特定模块的升级带动整体功能的替换或功能水平的提升。由此看来,将价值管理应用于模块化设计中,为多样化时代的标准化工作提供了新的技术管理方式和思维方式。     

我国房地产业金融租赁市场风险因素分析

本文通过对我国房地产业金融租赁市场风险因素的结构层次分析的研究,有利于建立适用于我国房地产公司内对金融租赁市场风险评价和监控的方法,为金融租赁市场风险的预防和管理提供依据。     

基于集对分析法的地区大中型工业企业自主创新能力评价

为了对地区大中型工业企业自主创新能力进行全面、科学的评价,基于集对分析法,提出了地区大中型工业企业自主创新能力评价指标体系及综合评价模型。通过对我国30个省市区大中型工业企业的实证分析,表明该方法科学简便,具有很好的实用价值。     

基于DEA模型的区域创新系统中政府作用的评价研究

基于DEA理论思想,构建了评价区域创新系统中政府作用的数学模型,为定量评价政府在区域创新系统(RIS)中的作用提供了理论依据。采集全国29个地区的数据,评价了区域创新系统中政府作用的有效性,并以河北省为例,进一步利用模型的参数进行了分析。     

企业的全面业绩评价:考虑企业社会责任

首先提出社会贡献价值(SVC)这个概念,然后讨论了企业的社会贡献价值(SVC)、经济增加值(EVA)等和未来增长价值(FGV)等企业的"德智体"三者的关系;并基于这三个方面,采用因子分析方法全面评价企业业绩,最后得出结论和提出参考性建议。