或有事项准则中的几个重要概念辨析

或有事项是一种结果不确定性的经济事项;或有资产是与或有事项相关的潜在资源,不予表内确认,通常也不予表外披露。或有负债是与或有事项相关的潜在义务(或特殊的现时义务),不予表内确认,但通常应予以表外披露。预计负债是因或有事项而确认的实际负债,应作为表内独立的负债项目予以确认,同时在表外披露相关信息。     

刑事被害人救助的法经济学分析

从经济分析的角度来看,在增加犯罪预防成本和救助被害人之间选择一个合适的投入比例,可以使社会效用趋向最大化。同时,这种分析可为刑事被害人救助制度的建立提供理论支持,进一步说明了刑事被害人救助资金应来源于国家财政,是财政支出的有效率选择;对刑事被害人的救助应按其物质损失的一定比例进行补偿。我国建立刑事被害人救助制度具有合理性、经济性和可行性。     

论公办高校债务成因及化解对策

本文从目前高校债务中存在的问题入手,分析了债务形成的原因,即思想观念上和客观现实二个方面,并针对成因提出了化解债务的七个方面的对策。     

浅析债转股对企业改革的影响

债权转股权是金融资产管理公司作为投资主体,将商业银行原有的不良信贷资产转为金融管理公司对企业的股权．以及国家开发银行对企业的股权,是由原来的债权债务关系,转变为金融资产管理公司和国家开发银行与实施债权转股权企业之间的持股与被持股或控股与被控股的关系。但是,并非所有国有企业都符合债转股条件,债转股对具体企业也不是都有利。影响转股的因素最重要的是转债条款。     

从利益共同体到命运共同体:地方政府隐性债务的合作治理

在地方政府性债务的治理中,隐性债务因其增长迅速、规模不清和风险不确定,成为未来债务治理的重点和难点。隐性债务挟裹主体众多,关联利益甚广,因此,基于共同体视角,明确治理主体,有利于化解风险。在隐性债务生产阶段,因利而合的共同体大肆攫取利益导致隐性债务激增;在债务风险凸显阶段,利益共同体的本能选择不是"安危与共",而是"大难临头各自保"。但债务风险的"飞去来器效应"和群体性焦虑,将促使利益共同体走向命运共同体。命运共同体既是利益共同体,更是治理共同体。在隐性债务治理阶段,共同体应形成"共生"意识、采取"共治"行动、构筑"共担"保障,实现有效共治。     

Sovereign credit rating: Evidence of bias against poor countries

We assess whether credit rating agencies limit poor countries’ sovereign credit ratings. Consistent with prior studies, our heterogeneous middle-inflated ordered probit model indicates a statistical bias stacked against poor countries whenever their fundamentals change. This is important, as second-generation crisis models suggest that such biases can have self-fulfilling consequences.     

The Greek economic crisis: causes and alternative policies

The Greek economic crisis is primarily structural and the result of an international economic impasse that developed in 2007, with devastating implications for the struggling peripheral economies of Europe. This article suggests that falling profitability led to the stagnation of profits, which in turn discouraged new investment, decreased production and increased unemployment. The resulting recessionary economic environment, in conjunction with the mounting public debt and the austerity policies imposed on the Greek economy by the so-called ‘troika’ of creditors in 2010, has decimated the Greek economy even further, causing one of the worst economic crises since the Second World War. The article also provides some broad guidelines for an alternative economic policy.     

Corruption: what are the effects on government effectiveness? Empirical evidence considering developed and developing countries

This study analyses the impact of corruption on government effectiveness for a sample of 130 countries. The findings suggest that less-corrupt countries have better quality of public service, better quality in the formulation and adoption of policies and greater credibility and government's commitment to such policies. The findings also suggest that the effect of corruption on government effectiveness is higher in developed countries. Moreover, the estimates also reveal that countries with the most indebted governments and with higher inflation rates have less-efficient governments, and an increase in rule of law represents a good strategy to improve government effectiveness. In turn, regarding developing countries, the findings show that countries with more democratic regimes have a higher degree of government effectiveness.     

State appropriations and undergraduate borrowing: more debt,less money

When state appropriations decrease, public universities respond by raising tuition. Students borrow more in response to both tuition increases and appropriation cuts. This article investigates the feedback of how borrowing and tuition influence state appropriations. Using a panel data set of 450 four-year public universities from 1999 to 2012, we employ three-stage least squares techniques to control for the endogeneity between state appropriations, tuition and student borrowing. There is evidence that state policy-makers respond to increases in university tuition and student borrowing by decreasing future appropriation levels. After controlling for the effect of appropriations on tuition and borrowing, a one-dollar increase in student borrowing reduces state appropriations per student by $0.06, and a one-dollar increase in tuition results in a decrease of $0.45 in state appropriations per student. When universities increase tuition for reasons other than a reduction in state appropriations, policy-makers respond with a significant cut in future appropriations which could signal an incentive strategy.     

Analysis of the impact of excess mortgages on housing prices using the cointegration test

This article attempts to explain and predict housing prices by constructing a model based on the variables that most influence demand: the theoretical purchase effort index without tax deductions as well as a new and innovative indicator that includes the excess of mortgages granted. The Johansen methodology for cointegration analysis reveals the existence of long-run equilibrium and the model’s subsequent ECM, to verify the statistical significance of the variables, confirms the validity of the model concerning this Spanish case study.