当前卫生资源配置状况及政府责任的思考

文章对当前我国医疗卫生资源配置状况及问题进行了分析,指出其中强化政府责任的必要性,并针对这些问题提出了根据卫生医疗的本意合理进行目标定位,加大投入力度,改变卫生资源分配上的不平等以及提高卫生资源利用效率的思考和建议.     

New perspectives on the contribution of sanitary investments to mortality decline in English cities, 1845–1909

Health improved in English cities in the last third of the nineteenth century, in tandem with substantial increases in public spending on water supplies and sanitation. However, previous efforts to measure the contribution of public expenditures to mortality improvements have been hampered by difficulties in quantifying public health investments and the lack of mortality data for specifically urban populations. We improve upon the existing evidence base by (1) creating measures of the stock of urban district sanitary capital, by type, on the basis of capital expenditure flows, rather than loan stocks; (2) using mortality and capital stock data that relate to the same administrative units (urban districts), and (3) studying the period 1880–1909 as well as the earlier period from 1845. The stock of sewerage capital was robustly related to improvements in all-cause mortality after 1880. The size of this effect varied with the extent of public investment in water supplies, suggesting complementarity between the two assets. For the period 1845–84, investments in water were associated with declines in infant and child mortality but the effect was much smaller and less precisely estimated in later decades. Our results suggest that improvements in water and sewerage targeted different transmission pathways for faecal–oral diseases.     

城市总体规划视角下我国城镇环境卫生之路——以中新天津生态城环卫规划为例

本文从我国环境卫生的总体情况入手,分析目前我国环境卫生存在的主要问题。在城市总规划视角下,预测我国环境卫生规划建设及运行管理的发展趋势。以中新天津生态城总体规划阶段的环境卫生规划为实例,从规划的角度来说明解决我国环境卫生问题的方法和途径,同时也可为其它城市总体规划阶段的环境卫生规划提供参考和示范。     

Does Aid Improve Public Service Delivery?

The expected increase in aid to Africa will put a big challenge for public service delivery. This paper provides an analysis of the effects of the volume and volatility of aid on education, health, water and sanitation outcomes, taking also into account the institutions related to public service delivery, including freedom of press, corruption, and decentralization, using a simultaneous equation model. Overall the share of Official Development Assistance (ODA) that is provided for education and health seems to have a positive impact on outcomes in these sectors, whereas total aid seems to be negatively associated. Aid volatility is associated with better outcomes in sanitation, water, and infant mortality, contrary to expectations. JEL no. H4, H5, H7, I1, I2, L9, O2     

浅析跨国公司外汇资金的集中管理

跨国公司外汇资金实施集中管理,有利于提高外汇资金的使用效率,降低资金成本,规避财务风险。其主要措施是推行"一个公司一个账户"的总分账户管理模式,并建立相应的外汇资金预算体系和收支报告制度等。     

Anthropometric failure and persistence of poverty in rural India

Recent studies have drawn attention to the high prevalence of stunting among children in rural India. In fact, these estimates point to more pervasive deprivation than conventional measures of poverty based on income or consumption expenditure shortfalls imply. Since stunting reflects cumulative nutritional and health deprivation, it is likely to persist despite higher incomes. With a view to shedding some new light on this issue, an analysis of the determinants of stunting is carried out, based on a recent all‐India survey of rural households. While income matters, other factors acting independently of it matter too. These include household size, whether household head is male, caste affiliation, mother’s age at marriage, mother’s age, age composition of children, male–female wage differences, hygiene and sanitation facilities, and prices of food items. So, while higher incomes will help mitigate stunting, careful attention must also be given to enhancing women’s autonomy through more remunerative employment opportunities for them, enabling households to improve hygiene and sanitation facilities, and facilitating more competitive local markets for food.     

我国区域间教育财政支出均等化问题研究

教育均等化是基本公共服务均等化的主要组成部分之一,也是目前党和政府教育发展的目标之一.本文对全国各省、部分省份内的市、县的教育财政支出及其人均值进行测算,结果表明:在各项指标数据中,省际间差距＞县际间差距＞市际间差距;教育财政支出的差距低于经济发展的差距程度;总量与人均值的测量存在着相反的变化趋势.原因在于政府在平衡教育财政支出区域间差距中的作用总体不足;目前教育与财政分权体制的不足;以及以生均经费为主要依据的教育拨款方式.需要通过教育财政筹资责任上移、构建规范的教育财政转移支付制度和继续深入“省直管县”财政体制改革等途径促进区域间教育均等化的实现.     

中国卫生投资与经济增长适应程度分析

目的：分析中国卫生投资与经济增长适应程度。方法：通过建立＂推动效应＂模型和＂拉动效应＂模型对中国卫生经费支出的水平与国民经济增长的适应程度进行具体测算。结果：中国卫生投资增长速度稍快于国民经济增长速度,其中,政府卫生投资增速稍滞后于国民经济增速,社会卫生投资增速稍快于国民经济增速,个人卫生投资增速大大超过国民经济增速。结论：减弱个人卫生投资,适当减缓社会卫生的投资,适当增加政府对卫生投资,三方面同时进行调整,达到保持或稍减缓总卫生投资增速,使其与国民经济发展相符。     

环卫工人生存状况及其影响因素—基于广州市的调查

对广州市具有代表性的六大片区508位环卫工人的生存状况及其影响因素进行了统计分析。环卫工人队伍的素质偏低,相关保障(作业安全保障、社会福利待遇保障等)不足,生活质量堪忧(物价太高、收入太少、生活艰苦、住房困难、受歧视、不被尊重,工作缺乏安全保障和情感孤独),人际交往缺乏,社会地位低下,心理创伤严重。二元Logit模型分析表明,制度性因素(收入、住房、社会地位等)是影响环卫工人生存状况的重要原因。