基于博弈理念构建和谐税收制度的基本思路

本文阐述了和谐税收制度对建设和谐社会的重要性,指出和谐的税收制度应是一种纳什均衡的制度.运用博弈理念,从税种结构博弈均衡、税收负担博弈均衡、税收征管博弈均衡及稽查监督博弈均衡四个方面给出构建和谐税收制度的基本思路.     

博弈分析框架下的供应链应收账款融资研究

如何解决中小企业融资难问题,一直困扰着理论界和实务界。供应链金融概念的提出和发展,为中小企业融资难问题提供了解决办法。作为供应链金融的融资工具之一,应收账款融资由于在操作上的快捷和简便,受到众多中小企业和银行的青睐。文章从博弈论的角度,分析了核心企业、中小企业供应商、银行三方在应收账款融资过程中的决策。通过分析可以得出,核心企业从自身的经营稳定性和利益出发,会选择为中小企业应收账款融资提供担保。同时,银行为了扩展自身业务,提高资产收益,会接受中小企业提出的应收账款融资请求。核心企业、中小企业、银行之间的博弈达到帕累托最优。     

When Overlapping Organisations Play Two-Level Games: IMF–EU Interaction in Credit Lending to Latvia and Greece

In the literature, the cooperation of the IMF and the EU in credit lending has been discussed either from a state-centric, bureaucratic or institutionalist perspective. In this article, we examine the Troika as a set-up of multiple organisational overlap providing bureaucratic agents with constraints and opportunities for strategic action. Taking Latvia and Greece as cases in point, we analyse who prevails in a situation of conflict and why. How do these international organisations manage to overcome their differences and reach consensus? Drawing on the Two-Level game approach, we argue that negotiators are more likely to prevail over each other when their respective win-set decreases. We find that different strategies to manipulate win-sets are decisive to explain both cooperation and assertiveness. Changing costs of no agreement during a lending programme as well as the institutional procedures for programme ratification facilitate the use of these strategies.     

Barter Trading as a Microeconomics Teaching Device

Karpoff reports on a “barter trading game” in which students exchanged real goods over a period of seven weeks with different market constraints imposed each week. Student comments about the exercise were favorable.     

环境监管中的博弈分析

通过建立环境监管问题的完全信息动态博弈模型,文章证明了在适宜的制度环境条件下,合谋可能是企业与地方政府的最优选择。针对优化制度环境,文章提出要加大来自上级政府的监督与制裁力度,改革地方政府的绩效考评制度等政策建议,以期改善地方环境状况。     

我国第三方支付沉淀资金监管的博弈论分析

国内电子商务的迅猛发展导致第三方支付业务交易量增加显著。它在给人们带来极大便利的同时,也引起人们对相应第三方支付行业中大笔沉淀资金的挪用及账户中产生利息的归宿问题的关注。近期央行采取颁发营业牌照的措施以抬高第三方支付业务准入门槛,进一步引发人们对第三方支付业务中存在的诸多问题的讨论。本文通过分析沉淀资金的形成、积累及利用和相应利息的配置,借用博弈分析方法对支付矩阵进行推导,在加强第三方支付行业沉淀资金监管的基础上,针对性提出央行应给予第三方支付机构适度利用沉淀资金的权利、沉淀资金利息多样化配置、构建评价体系、促进信息公开化的观点。     

基于古诺模型的四种市场的社会福利

市场根据垄断程度的不同。可以分为完全竞争、垄断竞争、寡头垄断和完全垄断市场四种类型。基于古诺模型,用博弈论方法研究n个厂商市场情形的总产量、价格、总收益和消费者剩余并把它们归纳为统一的公式。从四种市场情形总产量和价格的特点推出其供给曲线的形状,进而比较其社会福利的状况。研究结果表明,随着垄断性的加强,市场的社会福利会越来越劣,完全竞争市场的社会福利最好,垄断竞争市场次之,寡头垄断市场更次,完全垄断市场的社会福利最差。