旅游小城镇—贵州乡村经济发展的路径选择

中央十八大提出,把新型城镇化作为中国保持经济高速增长和解决农村发展的战略规划。贵州乡村经济的发展,应将乡村地区结合禀赋资源、经济状况和文化技术水平,发展特色旅游业来作为农村小城镇的主导产业。本文应用新制度经济学的路径依赖理论,以贵州农村地区资源和旅游收入绩效来实证建设与发展旅游小城镇意义,分析贵州目前乡村观光旅游存在着多种无效率的路径锁定,并创新性提出中国乡村旅游特有的一种无效率路径锁定,村级组织锁定,进一步提出旅游小城镇建设就是打破这些锁定的最有效路径创造,最后提出旅游小城镇建设一些基本措施。     

Resource Dependence and Network Relations: A Test of Venture Capital Investment Termination in China

This study examines how venture capital (VC) firms terminate investments in an emerging economy context. We contend that due to the weak institutional environment, it is appropriate to draw on insights from power and social relation perspectives for a better understanding of the phenomenon. Specifically, we argue that a termination decision hinges on not only the dependence relationship between a VC firm and its portfolio companies, but also the social relationships among VC firms. Event history analyses of approximately 12,000 VC deals made in China between 2001 and 2012 reveal that when a VC firm has a greater number of investments in an industry, it is more likely to terminate investments on a portfolio company in that industry. Moreover, such effect on termination is moderated by the focal VC's embeddedness with its syndicate partners and collaboration opportunities with other VC firms outside the immediate access of the syndicate partners. Our study sheds light on research on VC decision making in emerging markets by integrating insights from resource dependence relationships and interorganizational network characteristics.     

Poverty, Risk Aversion, and Path Dependence in Low-Income Countries: Experimental Evidence from Ethiopia

In most low-income countries, rural households depend on mixed rain-fed agriculture/livestock production, which is very risky. Due to numerous market failures, there are few ways to shift risks to third parties. The literature has focused on what determines the responses of households in such environments. Of special concern are path dependencies in which households experiencing failure are prone to further failure and potential poverty traps. This paper estimates levels and determinants of risk aversion in the highlands of Ethiopia. We find high risk aversion and evidence that constraints have important impacts on risk-averting behavior with perhaps significant implications for long-term poverty. The results also suggest the possibility of path dependence and offer insights into links between risk aversion and poverty traps.     

Assessment of the Partnership Quality between Travel Agencies and Health Care Organizations on the International Medical Tourism Market in Taiwan

The medical tourism literature lacks insight into related issues of these types of partnerships. Those that integrate multiple perspectives into one research framework are especially rare. This study evaluated and compared the influence of external environment uncertainty, trust, and resource dependence perspectives on the quality of interorganizational partnerships in the international medical tourism market and quantified these elements using external environment uncertainty assessment on the international medical tourism development. The research sample was based on a survey from 161 travel agency managers in Taiwan. This study found that external environment uncertainty has direct negative impact on trust and resource dependence has a positive influence on interorganizational partnership. Moreover, trust has a significant impact on partnership quality while resource dependence does not. Therefore, medical travel agents should extend their network of trustworthy health care organization partners in order to improve performance, decrease their self-risk, collect information, and avoid missed opportunities.     

Unemployment in Greece: Evidence from Greek regions using panel unit root tests

The purpose of the paper is to examine the nature of Greek regional unemployment. The paper contributes to the literature assessing the stochastic properties of Greek unemployment rate in the context of the Greek regions by relying on various univariate and panel unit root tests. In particular, recently developed and more powerful panel unit-root tests that control for structural breaks, heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence in the panel are employed. The results show that in all cases, after taking into account the fact that regional unemployment rates in Greece are subject to a structural break, the null hypothesis of a unit root is not rejected, indicating that the Greek regional unemployment series are non-stationary with the presence of a structural break.     

Asset‐based poverty transition and persistence in rural China

This article tests empirically for transition and persistence of poverty in rural China based on the theory of asset‐based poverty traps. It proposes an analytical framework mitigating the problem of endogenous switching between accumulation regimes and disentangling the true state‐dependence of poverty. Specifically, a dynamic asset threshold separating households into downward and upward mobility regimes is identified after taking households’ unobserved characteristics and observed regime‐differentiated accumulation strategies into account. The static analysis identifies causality running from settling into a downward mobility regime to the probability of poverty measured by consumption. Furthermore, allowing for endogenous initial poverty status, the dynamic analysis finds strong true state‐dependence in poverty. Households with the same characteristics are nearly twice as likely to be poor as if they had not previously switched to the accumulation regime. Assets below the dynamic threshold serve as a conduit through which poverty propagates itself. Factors that help to break this vicious circle are identified.     

论我国环境保护中的路径依赖与超越

我国环境保护中存在着严重的路径依赖现象,且更多地表现为路径依赖Ⅱ.形成这种状况的主要原因是传统的发展模式、既得利益集团的压力和巨大的沉没成本等.要超越路径依赖,必须进行相应的技术和制度创新.     

Outward foreign direct investment by emerging market firms: A resource dependence logic

This study examines and extends the resource dependence logic of diversification for a better understanding of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) activities by emerging market firms. We contend that the diversification logic is bounded by state ownership, an important but less considered component of interdependence. Our empirical results, based on panel data analysis of Chinese listed firms, suggest that the level of interdependence between Chinese and foreign firms in China in multiple forms, including symbiotic, competitive, and partner interdependencies, is positively associated with the level of the Chinese firms' OFDI activities. However, Chinese firms with higher levels of state ownership are less susceptible to the pressures imposed by foreign firms to invest abroad. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

制度变迁下的公司治理：模式选择与路径依赖——基于跨国公司在华投资企业的分析

对跨国公司而言,制度变迁包含着两层含义：一是从跨国公司母公司所在国的制度环境到投资子公司所在国的制度环境的变化,这是不同制度环境的自然转换;二是子公司所在国的制度环境的变化,这是同一种制度在若干时间段的变迁。双层制度变迁下的公司治理具有明显不同于单层制度变迁的模式选择和路径依赖。     

贸易视角下经济增长和环境质量的内在机理研究——基于中国30个省市环境库兹涅茨曲线的面板数据分析

经济增长与环境质量问题已引起众多学者的关注。本文利用中国30个省、市、自治区15年的面板数据检验中国是否存在倒U型的EKC曲线,并且在考虑贸易与投资的基础上,得出如下结论:东部地区存在倒U型的EKC,西部地区存在正U型的EKC,中部地区不存在EKC;外贸依存度与碳排放呈现出显著地正相关关系,FDI对碳排放虽有影响但很微弱;贸易和投资对拐点到达的时间并无影响,但却能够提高拐点到达时的人均GDP水平。