关于中国人力资本存量贬损的估算

人力资本存量贬损指人力资本承载者获得收入的能力、拓展收入空间能力的弱化或消失,其实质是人力资本承载者无法获得既有投资决策时点的预期投资收益。人力资本存量贬损的原因有三：收入能力弱化、人力资本闲置、人力资本报废。鉴于引发人力资本存量贬损原因的多样性,很难得到贬损的加总数据,需选用多个指标进行估算。本研究用收入数据度量人力资本承载者收入能力弱化;用闲置的工时、失业人数（或失业率）度量人力资本闲置;用永久性退出劳动力市场的人数度量人力资本报废。     

Explaining Underutilization of Tax Depreciation Deductions: Empirical Evidence from Norway

Many corporations do not claim all of their allowable tax depreciation deductions. Intuitively, this kind of behavior might seem odd. However we propose several possible explanations. First, we find strong evidence that firms facing current tax losses or carrying forward past losses underutilize depreciation in order to recover tax losses before they expire. Second, corporations with bad economic performance tend to underutilize their deductions, suggesting that corporations use costly windowdressing on their accounting measures. Third, we find support for the hypothesis that tax compliance costs discourage the utilization of accelerated depreciation, especially by small firms. We do not find much support for other hypotheses. For example, we find no evidence of substitution between tax depreciation and private debt due to competition between the benefits of private bank monitoring and the tax savings from using tax allowances to postpone tax payments, as suggested in earlier literature. We also study the effects of the uniform reporting accounting system (typical of many European countries) which can, under certain circumstances, constrain dividends. Forgoing some tax depreciation can loosen the dividend constraint, but the evidence does not support this motivation. Unusual access to extremely detailed individual firm tax return forms in Norway made our empirical analysis possible. In addition, the 1992 Norwegian tax reform provided a natural experiment for testing some of the hypotheses. We use the time-series and cross-sectional variation across Norwegian corporations in 1988, 1991, 1992 and 1993.     

Technological Change as Reflected in Hotel Property Prices

This paper investigates the effects of age on the sale prices of hotel real estate. Value erosion of commercial property due to the passage of time may be offset by renovation, although substantial follow-on investment usually occurs several years following construction. Obsolescence produces value losses during the post-construction period prior to new investment that result from technological change (Colwell & Ramsland, Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 8(1), 47–63, 2003). A hedonic model is specified to allow age to measure the effects of obsolescence in hotel prices. Although the long-run obsolescence rate for hotel properties of 1.93%/year aligns closely with the rate estimated elsewhere for retail properties, the path of obsolescence through time shows some marked departures. Contrary to the theory and the empirical results from the retail real estate market, hotel prices do not reveal much more obsolescence in the years immediately following construction than later. Also, the age and sale price relation turns positive nearing the third decade of the lives of hotels indicating a vintage effect. Thus, a V-shaped obsolescence function emerges that either may be explained by a fixed-cost renovation expenditure function or a vintage effect produced by the demand for surviving assets. A series of tests of hotel brand-specific obsolescence rates reveals considerable variation in these rates among seasoned properties, perhaps an indication of a convex renovation expenditure function and sequential follow-on investment.     

浅议谨慎性原则在会计中的应用

本文就谨慎性原则在会计应用中的现状及起到的作用进行了详细的论述,并提出了自己的见解。     

Global Liquidity,Current Account Deficit,and Exchange Rate Balance Sheet Effects in Turkey

This study investigates the current account deficit (CAD) of Turkey from the perspective of its capital account. We discuss how global liquidity conditions and monetary policies in Turkey have contributed to higher deficits through real exchange rate appreciations. We analyze the impact and consequences of exchange rate (ER) changes on the investments of non-financial firms. In the case of real ER depreciations, we find that the magnitude of the contractionary effect through balance sheets of firms with dollarized liabilities is significantly higher than the expansionary effect through trade competitiveness. We also analyze the “soft-landing” policies aimed at reducing the CAD in Turkey and estimate the rate of economic growth that must be foregone for a percentage reduction in CAD.     

美元贬值的战略应对与人民币升值的经济压力

当前国内外金融市场面临的焦点问题是美元贬值与人民币升值,从而引起人们对美国经济衰退的担忧以及对中国经济的乐观预期。事实上,美元贬值是美国实施金融综合战略的重要手段,美国经济只是保持低速度的增长态势;而人民币汇率的单边上涨趋势,不仅违背了我国汇率改革的基本方针,而且危及了我国改革开放的利益和安全。从当前经济金融形势来预期未来汇率：美元与人民币汇率全年将呈现反向运行,即2008年上半年美元集中贬值,人民币突出升值;2008年下半年美元则反转为升值,人民币将出现贬值。     

关于人民币汇率未来走势的思考

由于经济复苏前景不明朗,美、欧等国酝酿量化宽松货币政策,美元对世界主要货币汇率持续走弱。以美国为首的发达国家认为,中国因人民币汇率受到低估而在对外贸易中占据不当竞争优势,人民币面临较大的外部升值压力。自人民币汇改重启以来,人民币升值趋势明显,日均波动的幅度显著增强。贸易顺差问题不是迫使人民币升值的理由,美国贸易赤字是经济全球化条件下国际产业分工的结果,美元的国际货币地位和对中国采取严格的出口管制措施则是美国贸易赤字的最重要根源,人民币升值无助于解决中美贸易逆差和国内就业的问题。人民币汇率未来走势以美元未来走势预期为基础,中国宏观经济走势是影响人民币汇率的主要动力,目前启动新一轮人民币大幅升值内在动能不足,人民币大幅升值的可能性不大,但仍有温和的升值空间。     

沉淀成本对人力资本投资的影响及对策分析

知识更新换代速度加快和产业结构分工细化导致人力资本折旧率上升,由此引起的人力资本投资沉淀成本的影响愈加明显。文章建立了包含沉淀成本的人力资本投资模型,考察了教育和干中学两种情况下沉淀成本对人力资本投资的影响。结果表明,沉淀成本对人力资本投资选择存在较大影响,而干中学则可以有效地减轻沉淀成本对人力资本投资的影响。最后探讨了减轻沉淀成本影响,促进人力资本积累的建议。     

《企业会计准则第27号——石油天然气开采》对石油天然气企业会计的影响分析

阐述了我国目前石油天然气企业会计处理中存在的问题,分析了《企业会计准则第27号——石油天然气开采》的相关规定,并在此基础上探讨了该准则对我国石油天然气企业经营业绩和会计核算的影响。     

Tax Incentives and Maturity Mismatch between Investment and Financing: Evidence from China

This paper examines the effects of China's accelerated depreciation policy (ADP) on the maturity mismatch between investment and financing. Using panel data for China's A-share nonfinancial listed companies from 2010 to 2019 and a staggered difference-in-differences approach, we found the following. First, ADP significantly aggravated the degree of corporate maturity mismatch, and this result was robust across multiple checks. Second, due to an insufficient long-term loan supply, firms had to finance the fixed investments induced by ADP with short-term debts, leading to maturity mismatches. Third, the positive policy effects were mainly significant for firms with high policy exposure, high-risk preferences, a high degree of information asymmetry, and firms with weak long-term financing capacity. Finally, maturity mismatch exacerbated corporate financial risks. Our research findings indicate that passive maturity mismatch is prevalent among Chinese companies and emphasize the need to address financial repression in order to mitigate the potential financial risks that may arise from tax incentives.