新型农村社会养老保险替代率精算模型及其实证分析

本文依据2009年国务院发布的《关于开展新型农村社会养老保险试点的指导意见》,运用保险精算的方法,构建出新农保替代率精算模型,并依据该模型对新农保替代率进行实证分析。通过分析提出以下建议:以农民人均纯收入作为缴费基数,实行比例费率制;鼓励农民尽早开始参保并保持长期缴费;鼓励参保农民选择较高的档次标准缴费;新农保个人账户基金应当在适当情况下进行市场化投资运营;继续强化土地保障和家庭保障的作用。     

Islamist terrorism and the status of women

We investigate the effect of Islamist terrorist activity on women's legal position in society, using data for 171 countries between 1970 and 2016. To identify causal effects, we exploit the prevalence of Islamist terrorism in neighboring countries as an exogenous source of variation, arguing that regional terrorism affects local terrorism through contagion effects. We show that increased activity by Islamist terrorist groups is linked to lower legal status of women. By contrast, we find that neither Islam per se nor other types of terrorism have comparable effects. This reinforces the notion that Islamist terrorism is singularly interested and effective in weakening women's rights. Our results are consistent with a rational-economic model of terrorism, where Islamist terrorists purposefully use violence to maximize political utility, while governments make concessions that constrain the role of women because the costs of compliance are lower than the harm from continued Islamist terrorism.     

封闭条件下财政政策效应及其制约因素的一般分析

自经济危机发生以来,世界各国纷纷采取以扩大内需为主旨的积极的财政政策。从目前来看,尽管其对提升信心。抑制经济的继续下滑起到了作用,但离我们的预期政策目标还有较大的距离。究其主要原因,我们认为,财政政策主要受经济制度的制约而未能有效地发挥其应有的效应。以西方宏观经济理论中封闭条件下三部门IS—LM模型为主要分析工具,从理论上分析了制约财政政策效应发挥的各个变量,并实践上对制约中国财政政策效应的因素进行了详细分析。     

税收政策与居民消费需求——基于结构效应视角的新思考

本文运用税收经济效应原理系统阐释所得税、商品税与财产税对居民消费需求的作用机制,在考察我国税制结构整体状况及其对居民消费需求负面影响的基础上,通过建立动态面板数据模型与采用GMM估计方法实证估计税收政策对居民消费需求的结构效应,结果发现：一方面,财产税挤入居民消费;另一方面,商品税和所得税均挤出居民消费需求,但开征利息税能够显著降低个人所得税对居民消费需求的抑制效应。基于理论分析与实证估计结果,本文认为,政府为了提高税收政策对居民消费需求调节的针对性与激励效果,应充分发挥税收政策的结构效应,积极推进与实行“有增有减”的新一轮税制改革,构建与扩大居民消费需求相协调的税制结构。     

Wealth effects and agency costs

We analyze how the agent's initial wealth affects the principal's expected profits in the standard principal–agent model with moral hazard.We show that if the principal prefers a poorer agent for all specifications of action sets, probability distributions, and disutility of effort, then the agent's utility of income must exhibit a coefficient of absolute prudence less than three times the coefficient of absolute risk aversion for all levels of income, thus strengthening the sufficiency result of Thiele and Wambach (1999). Also, we prove that there is no condition on the agent's utility of income alone that will make the principal prefer richer agents. Moreover, we show that, for an interesting class of problems, the principal prefers a relatively poorer agent if agent's wealth is sufficiently large. Finally, we discuss how alternative ways of modeling the agent's outside option affects the principal's preferences for agent's wealth.     

基于状态空间模型的我国物流业对经济增长的传导效应研究

建立状态空间模型来揭示物流业对经济增长传导效应,通过卡尔曼滤波算法估计时变参数,发现1978年以来我国物流业对经济增长的传导效应明显分为两个阶段,并在此基础上提出了物流产业转型期提高物流业对经济增长传导的正弹性效应、发展物流业的路径选择。     

物流业与三次产业发展的互动关系实证研究

以物流业和三次产业为研究对象,运用计量经济理论的模型和方法,对中国1978～2009年物流业与三个产业发展的协整与因果互动机制进行了实证分析。研究结果表明:从协整检验和误差修正模型看,中国物流业与三次产业之间呈现出比较稳定的长期均衡发展趋势,短期波动也起着正的影响作用;从格兰杰因果关系检验看,中国物流业与第一产业和第二产业有单向的因果关系,与第三产业有双向因果关系。     

中国经济要素的空间配置效应

本文以改革开放以来中国经济运行的实际情况和基本统计资料为依据,运用传统的增长模型以计量的方法分解了引致中国经济增长相关因素;并在空间层面上研究了中国28个省份的生产函数性质,验证了劳动力在中国大部分地区存在严重过剩的事实;在此基础上,进一步探讨了劳动生产率、资本生产率以及综合要素生产率的空间配置效应问题,最后运用"增长的核算"框架分析了劳动力、资本与TFP之间的相互关系.     

中国农村劳动力转移问题探析

农村劳动力转移对于"新农村建设"具有重要现实意义,但不受限制、无序的人口向城市流动也会带来许多城市问题和社会问题.当前我国农村劳动力转移面临许多问题,而转变劳动力转移观念,创造各种有利条件,实现农村劳动力就地转移也许更能促使城乡协调发展.     

Unveiling covariate inclusion structures in economic growth regressions using latent class analysis

We propose the use of Latent Class Analysis methods to analyze the covariate inclusion patterns across specifications resulting from Bayesian model averaging exercises. Using Dirichlet Process clustering, we are able to identify and describe dependency structures among variables in terms of inclusion in the specifications that compose the model space. We apply the method to two datasets of potential determinants of economic growth. Clustering the posterior covariate inclusion structure of the model space formed by linear regression models reveals interesting patterns of complementarity and substitutability across economic growth determinants.