改革开放三十年我国本科人才培养目标的演进与反思

改革开放三十年来,我国高校本科人才培养目标经历了从培养“又红又专”的社会主义事业接班人到在此基础上为市场经济培养“厚基础、宽口径”、“一专多能”的复合型人才的转变。回顾本科人才培养目标的演进·有得有失,“得”在一定程度上适应了市场经济与个人发展的需要,“失”在趋同的人才培养目标造成了人才供给的结构性失衡。“厚基础、宽口径”的本科人才培养目标与人才的专业化要求存在矛盾,不适合直接面向就业市场培养人才的普通高校。普通高校本科人才仍应以专业知识传授与专门技能培养为主,只有专门领域的深入,才能实现面上的拓展。准确定位人才培养目标是高校健康发展的前提与基础,不同高校、不同专业,应有多样化的人才培养目标定位。     

Time diversification and security preferences: A stochastic dominance analysis

We use stochastic dominance to test whether investor should prefer riskier securities as the investment horizon lengthens. Return distributions for stocks, bonds, and U.S. Treasury bills are generated for holding periods of one to 25 years by simulation. For each holding period, stochastic dominance tests are run to establish preferences between the alternative security classes. Contrary to previous mean-variance based studies, we find no evidence that high-risk securities (stocks) dominate low-risk securities (bonds, Treasury bills) as the investment horizon lengthens. However, we do find that corporate bonds systematically dominate government bonds.     

The strategic evolution of large US law firms

In recent years, large US law firms have been undergoing significant changes. Most have switched from a professional model (P2 form) to a corporate business model, employing competitive strategies and a profit orientation. As the market for corporate legal services became more competitive, many large US law firms began to diversify the services they offer and expand their operations into new geographic regions of the country and into international markets. They even engaged in acquisitions and learned to manage and leverage their critical resources, human capital and relational capital. As a result, most of these law firms have added more professional management. All in all, the services law firms offer and the rivals with which they must contend have changed substantially over the last 15 years.     

Bank diversification and monetary policy

Using bank-level data in Asia, we examine the relationship between the effectiveness of monetary policy and the business diversification of banks. We find that bank diversification enhances the effect of monetary policy.     

实用型本科口译人才培养的对策研究

我国口译教学中存在课时少、练习量不足、课程开设与教学内容不合理等问题。为满足社会对多层次口译人才的需要,必须改革现有英语专业课程设置模式,使口译人才培养向多元化方向发展。     

Indigenous livelihoods, slash-and-burn agriculture, and carbon stocks in Eastern Panama

Improved crop–fallow systems in the humid tropics can simultaneously sequester atmospheric carbon emissions and contribute to sustainable livelihoods of rural populations. A study with an indigenous community in eastern Panama revealed a considerable biophysical potential for carbon offsets in small-scale slash-and-burn agriculture through longer fallow periods, improved fallow management, secondary forest development, and agricultural intensification. Based on soil and biomass carbon measurements, estimated annual sequestration rates amount to 0.3−3.7 t C ha^− 1 yr^− 1. Despite such potential, the economic benefits of initiatives aimed at sequestration of carbon in the community are likely to be rather unequally distributed within the community. Heterogeneity in livelihood strategies and uneven asset endowments among households – factors often overlooked in the ongoing carbon and sustainable development debate – are expected to strongly affect household participation. Indeed, only the better-endowed households that have also managed to diversify into more lucrative farm and non-farm activities are likely to be able to participate in and thus benefit from improved crop–fallow systems that capture carbon. Economic, ethical, institutional, and technical concerns need to be taken into account when designing community carbon management and investment plans.