生态文明视角下的生态旅游实践

建设生态文明,使生态文明观念在全社会牢固树立,这是对我国人口剧增、资源短缺、环境恶化的严峻形势进行深刻反省的一种明智选择,也是实现经济社会可持续发展的必由之路。生态文明建设是一个长期的渐进过程,而生态旅游是生态文明观指导下旅游产业发展的具体实践。本文在厘清生态文明与生态旅游的内涵的基础上,分析了我国生态旅游实践中存在的问题与约束性条件,并对生态文明视角下我国生态旅游的实践方式与途径进行了探讨。     

生态旅游的兴起和研究进展

本文探讨了生态旅游产生的历史背景,起源和发展,并解释了其涵义,提出了完整的定义,最后论述了生态旅游的五大特点,生态性,高品味性,二重性,可持续性和自然超味性,最后分析了生态旅游的研究进展。     

对生态旅游的若干重要认识

生态旅游已成为世界和我国旅游业的一个亮点。但目前有相当一部分的决策者、开发者、经营者和绝大部分旅游者对生态旅游存在着一些认识误区,甚至简单地把自然观光旅游换个标签摇身一变,就成了时髦的“生态旅游”产品。这种认识误导造成的行为误导将会带来生态破坏的无穷后患。本文强调指出了生态旅游的非大众化、高成本、高附加值和高知识含量。文中还对“生态旅游”的构词内涵以及世界旅游界中最新出现的“遗产旅游”的概念进行了学术上的剖析和比较。     

生态旅游区环境管理的原则与对策

文章介绍了生态旅游区环境管理的内容,阐明了生态旅游区环境管理的理论基础,提出了生态旅游区环境管理的指导原则与对策.     

An alternative approach to community-based ecotourism: a bottom-up locally initiated non-monetised project in Papua New Guinea

Community-based ecotourism (CBET) is presented as a tool for conservation and sustainable development by conservation practitioners and development agencies, but is reported to have achieved little. Several scholars argue that many problems stem from inadequate power relationships between external actors and local communities, leading to low community participation. This study opens a debate on governance and social enterprise in CBET by examining a bottom-up approach to community-based ecotourism based on a small-scale CBET initiative in an amenity-poor remote indigenous community in Papua New Guinea. This initiative is unique in the following aspects: it was initiated by a community member; external assistance was advisory only; no external financial assistance was given; and it has taken place in a non-monetised economy. Participant observation and in-depth interviews with local key informants were used to identify community-defined positive/negative impacts and community participation processes. Overall, there was substantial support for the project; it contributed to community welfare, generated economic benefit, had positive conservation outcomes and from the viewpoint of the community had no adverse cultural impacts. One of the keys for success was the development of a strong community agency that led to high community participation and individual rather than the community ownership.     

Self-identification of ecotourists

Although ecotourism has frequently been examined in the literature, a consensus has not yet been reached globally as to what constitutes ecotourism. This paper suggests an alternative to the continuing debates among tourism researchers regarding their own views on what ecotourism should be and on who ecotourists are. Instead, this paper contends that tourists’ own self-interpretations of ecotourism and self-identification of ecotourists may be a more meaningful and practical way forward. This study examines the ecotourism market for West Virginia by applying this self-identification approach. The results indicate that 39.4% of respondents knew about the term “ecotourism”, and that 22.2% or 12.0 million of the state's visitors in 2008 were ecotourists. By comparison to non-ecotourists, these self-identified ecotourists were found to be more environmentally concerned and responsible, more dedicated to nature, more supportive of tourism accreditation programs, and more likely to patronize businesses with good environmental practices, even at a higher cost. This has significant implications for sustainable tourism development in the state as these findings can help to convince tourism operators who may see the potential benefits through being involved in a certification program proposed by West Virginia Department of Protection. Research limitations and future research needs are discussed.     

Ecotourists' Perception of Ecotourism Experience in Lower Kinabatangan,Sabah, Malaysia

This paper presents the empirical findings of an exploratory qualitative study which looks at ecotourists' perceptions of ecotourism experiences in Sabah, Malaysia in order to identify the expressive dimensions that describe the quality of their experience. In-depth interviews were conducted with European ecotourists who stayed at two ecolodges in Sukau. Positive and negative experiences were identified from an analysis of the expressive dimensions of their service experience. The findings show that the ecotourists' experience is multidimensional. Respondents place particular emphasis on the ecotourism activities in which they physically engage at the sites and the natural environment in which they are located; their interaction with the site service staff; socialisation with other ecotourists, and the information acquired during the visit. The six expressive dimensions describing the positive experience are consistent with previous research. The study explores understanding of ecotourists' experience in the ecotourism environment – an under-researched area. The paper points out that the evaluation of quality of experience appears to involve both attributes – functional elements that are provided by the service suppliers and affective/emotional elements that are brought about by the ecotourists themselves.     

中国大陆生态旅游研究十五年——历程与展望

纵观十五年来的生态旅游研究文献,许多学者和机构为中国大陆的生态旅游研究做了大量工作,成果丰厚。中国大陆的生态旅游研究现状:文献数量大,重复多,缺少先进性;理论深度不够,缺少一般性的理论和规律的总结;没有多学科的深度结合;方法论不够清晰。因此,我们认为中国大陆生态旅游研究应加强宏观政策层面的研究,注重多学科深度融合,建立理论架构,同时强化生态旅游教育及学科体系的建设,深化生态旅游社会服务功能的研究。     

城市生态旅游可持续发展策略研究——以深圳市宝安区石岩街道为例

城市生态旅游对于保护城市环境,满足居民休闲、娱乐需求以及促进地方经济发展具有的重要意义。在规范城市生态旅游概念的基础上,文章总结了城市生态旅游的特点。同时,为实现城市生态旅游的可持续发展,文章提出了地方经济、环境与生态旅游的协调发展理念。并根据深圳市宝安区石岩街道发展生态旅游的优势和劣势,提出了一系列的生态旅游发展策略。     

生态旅游的多重辨析

20世纪80年代以来,如何全面理解并理性看待生态旅游,一直是旅游业和保护界的中心话题。在对国内外生态旅游研究进行简要评述后,提出了一个理解生态旅游的框架(5W1H),并围绕“是与不是”、“能与不能”、“需要和不需要”答问题,对生态旅游进行了深度分析。