对我国“经济高增长与高失业并存”现象的思考

近几年我国经济持续高速的增长同时,失业率也在迅速攀升。这一问题是有悖于国际上经济增长的通常经验的,也与传统经济学理论有所矛盾。在对形成这一矛盾现象的原因进行研究的基础上,指出其原因在于我国过去经济增长采用的是传统的、粗放型的经济增长模式,造成了巨大的潜在效率损失。为了有效地解决这一问题,就必须转变经济增长方式,通过技术进步和制度性的改革来有效地提高经济效率。     

Profit sharing as a worker discipline device

A synthesis of profit-sharing and efficiency wage models is constructed to provide a preliminary account of how a firm determines its pay parameters, and why it chooses to be a profit-sharing or a fixed-wage firm. We find that the properties of the worker's effort function crucially influence the firm's choices between different compensation systems, and that the adoption of a profit-sharing scheme cannot guarantee the attainment of full employment. Other findings of the paper also seem to be very different from those of Weitzman's share model.     

效率工资理论中的监督成本问题

在梳理效率工资理论相关理论文献基础上,本文研究效率工资理论中的监督成本问题.与现有效率工资理论不同的是,本文认为,失业并不是由雇主支付高于市场均衡工资所致,而是雇员的过度劳动引发的,在竞争劳动市场条件下,雇员劳动边际产出价值支付雇主的监督成本和雇员自身的劳动薪酬,作为回报,雇主给予雇员持续的、认可的工作条件和环境.在这交换中,雇员将出现超过一般强度的过度劳动.     

WHAT CAN CHANGES IN STRUCTURAL FACTORS TELL US ABOUT UNEMPLOYMENT IN EUROPE?

This paper examines the impact of temporal variation in labour market institutions and other structural factors on unemployment in Europe. A system comprising a labour demand and a wage equation is estimated on pooled time‐series data for the six largest EU countries for the 1980s and 1990s. The results suggest that changes in regional mismatch, trade union density and the ratio between consumer and producer prices are positively associated with structural unemployment. This result is robust to a wide variety of different specifications. No consistent role is found for other institutional factors (such as social security benefits, employment security and minimum wage).     

The Unemployment Effects of Proposed Changes in Social Security's “Normal Retirement Age”

This paper identifies and analyzes an inherent conflict between some proposed U. S. Social Security reform measures, which would encourage delayed retirement decisions, and the objective of minimizing the economy's unemployment rate. Using recent demographic trends in the age composition of the U.S. labor force, the study suggests that such proposed U.S. Social Security reform measures may actually increase the economy's unemployment rate. It concludes that measures to encourage older workers would relieve labor market pressures (while also helping the Social Security system) if and only if unemployment was persistently near the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU). However, in an economy with above NAIRU unemployment, which has been the case most often in recent years, the opposite Social Security policy logic would apply. JEL Classification H557     

借鉴西方国家经验治理我国失业问题

针对资本主义不同发展时期出现的失业现象，西方经济学各流派提出了相应的治理理论，并付诸实践。我们应借鉴西方经济学的失业治理理论和西方国家的治理经验，制定出适合我国国情的就业政策。     

我国经济转型时期失业的主要成因与对策

目前,在我国失业的主要原因是人力资源供过于求和结构性失业等。解决失业问题既要增加劳动力需求,又要调节劳动力供给的数量质量,控制和减少当期劳动力供给,同时要完善失业保险制度。     

失业持续时间与再就业者收入

失业持续时间对再就业者工资的影响不仅是一个重要的理论问题。还具有重要的政策含义。然而，在理论上，失业者失业持续时间对再就业后工资的影响是不确定的，所以确定失业持续时间对再就业后工资的影响是一个实证问题。本文利用国家统计局2003年的调查数据分析了失业持续时间对中国城镇人口再就业后工资的影响，发现失业持续时间每延长10％，再就业后工资就下降0．46-0．55％。     

日、美失业保险制度比较及其对我国的借鉴

日、美两国在建立失业保险制度、解决失业售货员再就业方面取得了不少成功经验。根据我国目前存在大量失业人员下岗职工的实际情况，我们应对日美两国失业保险制度的建立和发展历程、适用范围、运作机制，待遇标准、支付期限及资金筹措等方面进行分析比较，借鉴其成功做法，采取有效措施，从而建立和完善我国失业保险制度。     

关于我国“知识失业”现象的经济学思考

知识失业在我国已经出现,且有逐年上升的趋势,对经济社会发展弊多利少。本文在介绍知识失业的定义、表现和类型的基础上,从经济学的角度出发重点阐述知识失业的成因和修正知识失业的对策。