Strategic social marketing to foster gender equality in Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Gender equality is still facing many challenges in Indonesia; this also includes a prominent problem of gender-based violence. Social marketing approach has been used to promote gender-equality programmes tackling gender-based violence. MenCare+ is one of the examples of programmes in Indonesia that engage men with multicomponent, strategic, involves campaigns, education, training and policy advocacy with a number of objectives including improving access to services, increasing sexual and reproductive rights, and fostering gender equality. Some achievement has been made such as MoU with local government to promote male involvement in the use of contraception. However, gender-equality movement is still needed in order to change the mind set and paradigm towards gender equality, and social marketing can become a powerful tool to do it.

Abbreviations: MoU: memorandum of understanding; NGO: non-government organization     

College,mental health,and a violent student: employing numerical formats to communicate risk on campus

Abstract

Non-experts, including college administrators, professors, and students are often faced with risk assessment decisions on campus. Despite this fact, there are few accepted professional standards for presenting statistical risk and far fewer recommendations for the communication of violence risk. Existing systematic reviews are both incomplete and limited in scope and more troubling are the contradictory conclusions and competing recommendations for the communication of information that is essential to decision-making. In this article, three directions in the violence risk communication literature were given attention. First, non-experts were asked to make risk estimates using information from an expert source. Second, this project moves research attention to an important domain, campus violence. Finally, multiple outcome variables were assessed in an effort to extend the scope of research beyond Bayesian reasoning. Measured outcomes included: risk judgments, linguistic features, and affective processing as put forth by the affective processing theories. When the effect of estimating or communicating risk as a probability was compared to a frequency: frequency evidence was rated as less confusing and easier to understand.     

试论家庭暴力及其法律对策

家庭暴力是发生在家庭成员之间的一种暴力行为。严重的家庭暴力危害了受害者身心健康,侵犯了受害者合法权益,破坏了社会稳定以及发展,已经引起全社会广泛关注。为了给家庭暴力受害者更全面、更具体、更适当的协助,取得更好的社会效果,就必须建立法律、社会、心理各层面的社会支持体系。     

Does Women’s Labor Force Participation Reduce Domestic Violence? Evidence from Jordan

Enhancing women’s labor force participation is seen as a way to promote their empowerment and improve their well-being and that of their children. The empirical literature on the relationship between women’s employment status and domestic violence is less clear-cut. Using quantitative data from Jordan in 2007, this study explores the effect of women’s employment, as measured by their participation in paid work outside the home, on reported domestic violence, controlling for the potential endogeneity of women’s employment, which might bias the relationship between employment and domestic violence. Without taking endogeneity into account, the regression results suggest that a woman’s participation in paid work enhances violence by her husband. After controlling for endogeneity, these results turn out to be insignificant, which suggests that women’s work status has no causal influence on marital violence. Differentiating between various types of domestic violence provides weak evidence that women’s employment lowers sexual violence.     

ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGE IN THE EU: A CROSS‐COUNTRY EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE CONTEXTUAL DETERMINANTS OF NPM REFORM RHETORIC

Framed within the paradigm of New Public Management (NPM), structural reforms in the EU aimed at modernizing the public administrations of Member States (MSs) have long since been a priority area of the EU's economic policy. Since the 1990s, these reforms have been sharply intensified across European countries with the declared purpose of enhancing economy, efficiency and effectiveness in their national public sectors’ organizations. In line with the European Commission's recent research initiatives in search for novel quantitative data on NPM in the EU, this paper studies European parties’ NPM reform rhetoric. More specifically, it investigates the MSs’ institutional, economic and political context within which parties have declared their intention of reforming national administrative systems. Thus, it sheds light on the MSs’ domestic factors that are associated with the diffusion of the NPM values across the political discourse of EU's national parties.     

“五四”事件中暴力行为再反思

以火烧赵家楼、暴打章宗祥为最重要情节的“五四”事件,是一个暴力事件。至今,“五四”事件中的暴力行为仍没有得到应有的分析,政治诉求的合理性完全遮蔽了暴力行为的残忍性与犯罪特征。本文希望通过回顾“五四”事件中的暴力情节,分析不同人对暴力行动的辩护,回归一个基本常识：虽然暴力事件发生在爱国运动之中,但暴力事件与爱国运动是不同的;再崇高的目标也不能成为人身侵犯的理由;在社会常态下,纵火与伤人必须受到惩罚,否则公共生活必然陷入野蛮状态。     

暴力资讯与未成年人犯罪实证研究——以社会学习理论为主要修正对象

以未成年人是否犯罪、未成年犯罪人是否实施暴力犯罪为因变量的对数回归模型显示,接触暴力资讯能增大未成年人犯罪的发生比却不能增大未成年犯罪人选择实施暴力犯罪的发生比。这表明,未成年人通过暴力资讯(符号示范)所习得的并非攻击性的行为方式本身,而是反规范的态度或行为倾向。回归模型还显示,在社会学习理论中居于重要地位的家庭示范和亚文化群示范在未成年人犯罪促成过程中的实际地位已让位于媒体,媒体暴力问题的严重性可见一斑。相应地,被普遍认为能够对暴力资讯促成未成年人犯罪作出合理解释的社会学习理论,亦当做出适当修正。     

Uncivil aviation: a review of the air rage phenomenon

This article examines the issue of air rage. Attempting to define and identify the extent of this phenomenon provides the context in which to review contributory factors. The analysis of violence or aggression directed at flight attendants is developed with recourse to the work of Poyner and Warne, who offer a framework for understanding violence to staff. Use of this framework suggests that air rage remains a multifaceted phenomenon, with a number of contributory factors. Identification of a variety of factors is then used to develop an analysis of possible solutions to the air rage phenomenon. These solutions are concerned with controlling the assailant and, more proactively, supporting flight attendants through initiatives such as enhanced training programmes. Finally, the article suggests a number of areas for future research that may add to an understanding of a so‐far under investigated phenomenon. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅议受虐妇女综合症专家证词制度在家庭暴力案件中的应用

对家庭暴力,从程序法方面来看,我国现行的法律缺乏针对家庭暴力案件的专门处理程序和证据规则,导致实践中家庭暴力受害者举证负担过重,难以完成对案件事实的证明责任。因此,应在家庭暴力民事诉讼中适用举证责任倒置制度,并应将英美法系国家实行的“受虐妇女综合症”专家证词制度引入我国司法实践,为那些在特殊情况下“以暴抗暴”的家庭暴力受害者做正当防卫辩护。