How Love Evolved from Sex and Gave Birth to Intelligence and Human Nature

This article argues that emotional attachment drive has shaped the evolution of human intelligence, interpersonal relationships and culture. The first section is about the evolution of social bonds and their role in the rise of intelligence. At the outset, I present evidence that desire for emotional closeness to others is a primary human instinct. Recent discoveries in neurobiology are then incorporated into a summary of the evolution of brain systems that activate emotional attachments and the vital role of parental nurture in the development of offspring's social behavior and capacity to cope with stress. The evolution of maternal behavior is discussed as a particularly important event enabling expansion of brain size and complexity and initiating a pattern of mutually enhancing co-evolution between social complexity and intelligence leading ultimately to the modern human brain. The second section examines how emotional attachment drive may have contributed to the evolution of prominent aspects of human nature and culture. It is hypothesized that the evolution of unique human mental abilities provided vast new outlets for and means of expressing emotional attachment leading to much closer and more diverse interpersonal relationships and the rise and transmission of culture. These developments were very likely important for increasing the adaptive advantages and decreasing the dangers of high intelligence. Emotional bonding between human sex partners was probably selected for because the slow maturation, complex cognitive and psychological development and culture acquisition needs of children required more parental attention for much longer periods compared to offspring of other primate species. Integration of attachment motivation and high intelligence is hypothesized to have been important in the selection of hominid species that were the immediate ancestors of modern humans.     

新时期高等职业教育的素质目标

高等职业教育应该着重培养学生的什么素质。社会需要什么样的高职学员。本文从敬业精神、一专多能、善于合作和自学能力等方面加以阐述。     

论体育教学的魅力--情、趣、美

挖掘运用情、趣、美的体育魅力,是培养学生热爱体育,提高体育课堂教学质量,行之有效的方法。     

Introducing Practical Wisdom in Business Schools

This article echoes those voices that demand new approaches and ‹senses’ for management education and business programs. Much of the article is focused on showing that the polemic about the educative model of business schools has moral and epistemological foundations and opens up the debate over the type of knowledge that practitioners need to possess in order to manage organizations, and how this knowledge can be taught in management programs. The article attempts to highlight the moral dimension of management through a reinterpretation of the Aristotelian concept of practical wisdom. I defend the ideas that management is never morally neutral and that Aristotelian practical wisdom allows the recovery of moral considerations in management practice. I analyze the impact and implications that the introduction of practical wisdom in business schools entails for the conception and objectives of management education. This view reconfigures management education in terms of attention to values, virtues and context. Therefore, management programmes should prepare students to critically evaluate what they hear and to make decisions coherent with their values and virtues. In the final section, I reflect on the pedagogical implications of this approach. I point out that an integrated model of ethics and practical wisdom promotes education of cognition and education of affect as well. I provide an example to illustrate my perspective and to support my conclusions.     

Is looking always more important than listening in tourist experience?

ABSTRACT

This study aims to compare the function of soundscape and visualscape in the tourist holistic experience through the lens of the cognition–emotion model. A questionnaire was distributed to collect data from 563 domestic tourists visiting Jiuzhai Valley National Park, China. Partial least squares regression–structural equation modeling (PLS–SEM) and a number of recently developed advanced analysis methods were used. Results indicate that soundscape and visualscape have different impacts on tourist cognition and emotion. Soundscape directly influences tourist overall satisfaction and visualscape observed. Tourist overall satisfaction is based on a listening–looking congruence. The findings suggest that managers should make good use of soundscape and consider its congruence with visualscape when designing tourist experience.     

基于游记语义的游客情绪空间特征研究——以安徽省黄山景区为例

游记是游客表达感知情绪的一种重要方式。对现有游记进行情绪空间特征分析,可以为游客旅游路线规划和景区形象定位提供指导。基于安徽省黄山景区游记文本,通过情绪词汇提取和语义分析,构建情绪表达度和情绪积极度两个指数,并借助反距离权重插值法和空间自相关莫兰指数进行情绪空间特征分析。研究表明:黄山景区游客情绪表达度总体较低,高表达度节点呈线状集中分布,情绪积极度总体较高,且山上明显高于爬山途中;具有文化背景的自然景观节点,如飞来石、猴子观海、始信峰等,更易表现出高表达度—高积极度的情绪特征;表达度和积极度的莫兰指数均接近于0,表明节点情绪的空间自相关性低,即节点上的游客情绪不会受到周围节点的影响。     

Role of Airport Physical Environments in the Satisfaction Generation Process: Mediating the Impact of Traveller Emotion

As the use of international airports has been increasing, airports have emerged as a remarkable background in the tourism industry. To address this, the present study aimed at (1) investigating the relationships among the variables of airport physical environments, customer emotion, and satisfaction, (2) verifying which attribute of airport physical environments has significant impact on customer emotion, and (3) examining the mediating role of emotion between airport physical environments and customer satisfaction. The snowball method was introduced to collect the data. According to the findings from the structural analysis, three components of airport physical environments had decisive effects on pleasure. However, most of airport physical environments were insignificant on arousal, and arousal had invalid impact on satisfaction. Customer emotion was found as a partial mediator between the identical attributes of airport physical environments and customer satisfaction. Discussions and implications for airport practitioners, limitations, and suggestions for future research were also provided.