Have Employment Relationships in the United States Become Less Stable?

There has been considerable debate as to whether job stability has declined in the United States. This paper uses data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to examine the incidence of labor market turnover between 1986 and 1993. Specifically, we calculate one- and two-year separation rates and then analyze turnover by the source of separation. We find that the incidence of job separations did not increase over the period under investigation, but appears to have declined somewhat. When analyzing separations by reason, conditional on separating from an employer, we find little evidence of temporal changes in the composition of turnover that would indicate greater employment instability. Therefore, we do not find conclusive evidence that employment relationships have become more unstable in the recent past.      

体验式教育在高校就业指导工作中的应用

高校毕业生就业难已成为当今社会的热点话题。体验式教育是一种通过“在做中学”使受教育者产生情感共鸣,进而达到心灵认知的教育模式。文章结合就业指导中的模拟招聘系列活动,分析了当前高校就业指导工作的现状,阐述了体验式教育在高校就业指导工作中的重要意义,并就如何在高校就业指导工作中开展体验式教育活动进行了探讨。     

浅析人力资源管理理论研究新进展与成果运用

随着人类社会过渡到以知识为基础的知识经济时代,人力资源的重要性已超过自然资源和资本成为第一战略资源。如何有效地构建现代人力资源管理体系,并发挥人力资源的优势,就显得尤为重要。     

就业指导教育要从大一抓起

本文通过对高职学生就业形势与就业指导课程的分析,以广东交通职业技术学院为例,提出了改革当前高职院校就业指导课程的具体思路与方法,以期为建设富有实效性的高职院校就业指导课程做出贡献。     

影响农村三种非农就业途径的主要因素研究--对天津市农村社会的实证分析

文章探讨了影响农村劳动力非农就业倾向的主要因素。研究结果表明,区位条件对农村劳动力非农就业倾向的影响,主要表现为近城地区以大量企业及相对发达的各种要素市场为第一优势,吸纳了更多劳动力进入本地企业就业。教育总体上是影响农村劳动力非农就业倾向的最重要因素。但其在近城地区的影响却位居第二。在远城地区教育对增大农村非农就业倾向的作用更为显著,而且受教育程度越高这种倾向就越显著。各种文化水平的影响都普遍促进了劳动者到外地企业就业,但对进入本地企业就业和家庭非农经营的促进却并不普遍,其中初中教育对农民在本地企业就业的作用更显著些;高中教育提高农民从事非农家庭经营的倾向最为明显。耕地数量抑制农户劳动力外出务工,但对其在本地企业就业和家庭非农经营的影响也不显著。乡镇企业的发展增大了农民进入本地企业的就业倾向,劳动者供养的非劳动人口数量对农民非农就业的正向影响不显著,农户拥有的非农业和农业生产性资产对农村非农就业的影响不大。因此,加快推进农村城镇化;加强边远农村地区的中等教育,特别是职业技能教育;大力发展乡企和私企;完善农村社会保障体系;构建农村劳动供求信息系统等,是促进农村劳动力加速向非农产业转移的重要途径。     

马克思就业理论与西方就业理论比较研究

对中国失业的研究已是无法回避的一个问题,而寻求理论支持则是进行研究的一个重要方向。检索就业理论的资料,可以发现最有代表性的就业理论是马克思就业理论和西方就业理论。因此,对这两种就业理论加以比较,理解它们形成的不同背景和分析路径,对比它们不同的内容体系,可以发现它们其实发掘的只是失业的一个方面,遵循的是失业发生、发展的一条路径。因此,在比较中更全面地理解失业,并且可以为研究我国的失业提供某些启示。     

最低工资、就业弹性及就业效应研究

最低工资标准的提升对于就业的效应究竟是正是负,目前理论界并没有一致的论证结果。本文首先从市场结构和企业应对措施两个角度,梳理了西方学界关于最低工资对就业影响的作用机理,然后建立一个涉及农民工、企业和政府三方的博弈模型,推导出行业就业弹性对劳动参与的关键作用,并利用全国各省市六个行业的面板数据进行了实证分析。本文的主要结论是,最低工资的实施标准按行业设置比目前按地区＂一刀切＂的模式更具科学性。     

科技创新对就业的影响效应——基于总量和结构的视角

在文献综述和理论分析的基础上,构建了自回归分布滞后模型,并采用1995—2010年相关数据,通过单位根检验、协整检验、Granger因果关系检验、脉冲响应分析和方差分解分析,实证检验了科技创新对我国就业总量和就业结构的影响。结果显示:我国科技创新总体上并未排斥就业,对就业量的总体效应为溢出效应,同时优化了就业结构。     

Is Part-Time Employment after Childbirth a Stepping-Stone into Full-Time Work? A Cohort Study for East and West Germany

Does part-time work support first-time mothers’ employment by providing a stepping-stone into full-time work in Germany? Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel from 1984–2012, this study compares three different age cohorts of first-time East and West German mothers to investigate whether there has been any convergence between East and West Germany in the way women use part-time employment. Results show that mothers in West Germany in all cohorts tended to remain in part-time employment for longer periods than those in East Germany. Part-time employment more often provided a stepping-stone into full-time employment in East Germany than in West Germany. East German women who gave birth after reunification were less likely than older cohorts to experience a transition from part-time to full-time work. Thus, part-time employment not followed by subsequent full-time work has become more common in the East.     

Employment and absenteeism in working-age persons with multiple sclerosis

Aims: To better understand the impact of the clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS) and disability on employment, absenteeism, and related factors.

Materials and methods: This study included respondents to the North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis Registry spring 2015 update survey who were US or Canadian residents, aged 18–65 years and reported having relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), secondary progressive MS (SPMS), or primary progressive MS (PPMS). The RRMS and SPMS participants were combined to form the relapsing-onset MS (RMS) group and compared with the PPMS group regarding employment status, absenteeism, and disability. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between employment-related outcomes and factors that may affect these relationships.

Results: Of the 8004 survey respondents, 5887 (73.6%) were 18–65 years of age. The PPMS group (n?=?344) had a higher proportion of males and older mean age at the time of the survey and at time of diagnosis than the RMS group (n?=?4829). Female sex, age, age at diagnosis, cognitive and hand function impairment, fatigue, higher disability levels, ≥3 comorbidities, and a diagnosis of PPMS were associated with not working. After adjustment for disability, the employed PPMS sub-group reported similar levels of absenteeism to the employed RMS sub-group.

Limitations: Limitations of the study include self-report of information and the possibility that participants may not fully represent the working-age MS population.

Conclusions: In MS, employment status and absenteeism are negatively affected by disability, cognitive impairment, and fatigue. These findings underscore the need for therapies that prevent disability progression and other symptoms that negatively affect productivity in persons with MS to enable them to persist in the workforce.