我国不同生态系统中弹尾虫研究进展

弹尾虫是土壤中的优势物种之一,与线虫、螨虫共称为土壤动物三大类群。它们对环境变化反应灵敏,是良好的环境指示生物。本文对近年来我国森林生态系统、草原生态系统、城市生态系统、农田生态系统、茶园生态系统中弹尾虫研究进行概括和总结,发现在组成与数量、群落结构、密度变化、生态分布等基础性研究较多,但综合性研究较少。提出该研究领域今后在全球变化等方面的发展前景。     

再论企业家活动:生产性、非生产性和破坏性

1990年鲍莫尔发表了《企业家活动:生产性、非生产性和破坏性》一文,这引起了国内外学者对企业家理论的广泛关注和后续研究。文章在鲍莫尔的分析框架下,继续探讨破坏性企业家活动的性质及其对增长的影响,阐述文化、习俗、观念等非正式制度对企业家活动配置的影响,丰富企业家活动配置理论,并给出了进一步研究的方向。     

The significance of sustained entrepreneurial orientation on performance of firms – A longitudinal analysis

This study focuses on the importance of changes in entrepreneurial orientation (EO) over time for subsequent firm performance, and the significance which inimitable resources (networks, governance system and unique competence) might have in this connection. Hypotheses are developed to test the effects that changes in EO level over a time period and resources have on subsequent firm performance. The study is based on data from 168 Norwegian SMEs, interviewed both in 2000 and 2003. The primary contribution of this study is that a change in EO over time (increased or decreased), may be of importance for a firm's performance represented by performance compared to competitors, and employment growth. A focus on entrepreneurial activities seems to be beneficial in the long run (increasing EO), while the opposite is the case if the EO level decreases. It is especially encouraging to see that firms focusing on EO (increased or the same) are positively associated with employment growth, one of the primary policy goals world-wide. Another contribution from this study is that resources that may be inimitable for firms have some influence on performance compared to competitors. Implications for policy-makers, practitioners and further research are discussed.     

互联网应用与创业绩效:社会资本的中介作用

借助社会资本理论,探究了与企业经营密切相关的互联网应用——信息获取与社交沟通如何通过社会资本积累对创业绩效产生影响。利用来自中国2432家创业企业的调研数据进行实证研究。结果显示:社会资本中的服务者联系对互联网应用的信息获取维度与创业绩效的关系起部分中介作用;社会资本中的参与者联系对互联网应用的社交沟通维度与创业绩效的关系起部分中介作用。     

South African Business Dynamics

ABSTRACT

This study attempts to develop a scale to measure the individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) of persons in South Africa. Respondents were subjected to a survey instrument and provided information on items pertaining to their demographics, entrepreneurial orientation, and values. The results showed substantial differences on the range of items between black and white entrepreneurs.     

Payment for ecosystem services through renewable energy generation to promote community-based natural resource management in the Blyde in South Africa

Loss of biodiversity is putting the South African economy and the quality of life of its citizens at risk. Payment for ecosystem services (PES) is a way to incentivise conservation, community-based natural resource management and restoration of the environment. This article discusses a proposed PES project through the generation of hydro-electricity in the Blyde River Canyon Nature reserve. It argues that this proposed project could serve as an example for other PES projects and that it would strengthen community-based natural resource management, be beneficial to environmental conservation, counteract climate change, and provide socio-economic benefits to surrounding communities.     

再论旅游业发展的生态文明战略

实施生态文明战略是旅游业可持续发展的唯一途径。旅游业实施生态文明战略有其必要性，具体应从利益取向、社会责任、发展模式、绿色采购、清洁生产、公众素质六个方面制订旅游业实施生态文明战略的措施。     

河北省土地生态系统服务价值研究及趋势预测

编制适用于河北省的土地生态系统服务价值系数表,利用土地基础数据和生态系统服务价值量化模型,计算出河北省土地生态系统服务价值在1996～2006年呈现先减少后增加的变化趋势;并运用spss统计软件中的曲线回归对变化趋势做出了合理预测。     

论生态经济系统优化与建构

生态经济系统优化不仅是现代市场经济发展的客观需要，而且是我国步入经济国际化的客观要求，它对于我国用新经济代替传统经济，融入经济全球化是一个巨大的推动。要加快生态经济系统优化，就必须在对生态经济系统优化的含义、原则、特征以及与传统生态经济系统区别的科学认识和把握下，对生态经济系统进行新的建构。     

Contextualizing theory building in entrepreneurship research

Theory development and testing are central to the advancement of entrepreneurship as a scholarly field. For nearly three decades now, researchers have borrowed popular theories from other disciplines and adapted them to the study of diverse entrepreneurship phenomena. This has enhanced the rigor of research findings. Future studies can achieve greater rigor and relevance by paying more attention to the context of their investigations. Understanding the nature, dynamics, uniqueness and limitations of this context can enrich future studies. This article describes common problems revealed in recent entrepreneurship research when applying existing and new theories to well known vs. emerging and novel phenomena. The article also suggests strategies to enrich creative and constructive theory building.