企业公仆型领导与下属反生产行为关系的实证研究

自从公仆型领导(servant leadership)由Greenleaf(1977)提出后,逐渐成为领导学研究中的前沿研究领域,为研究领导有效性问题提供全新视角,但国内学术界有关公仆型领导的研究文献却凤毛麟角,特别是实证研究极其少见。本研究探讨公仆型领导对下属反生产行为的作用机制,并引入领导-下属关系质量作为二者的中介变量,下属工作丰富度作为调节变量,研究课题具有一定的前瞻性。通过对长沙、深圳、北京、广州这四个城市的一些企业进行调查,收集273份有效问卷,使用SPSS 17.0和AMOS 7.0统计软件,通过基本描述性统计、信度分析、相关分析、回归分析结构方程模型等,主要研究结论有:(1)公仆型领导与下属反生产行为显著负相关,公仆型领导对下属反生产行为有显著预测作用;(2)领导-下属关系质量在公仆型领导与下属反生产行为之间存在着中介作用。(3)下属工作丰富度在公仆型领导与下属反生产行为之间并不存在着调节作用。     

责任型领导对员工绿色行为的影响:道德反思的中介作用及同理心的调节作用

基于社会学习与情感事件理论视角,探讨了责任型领导对员工绿色行为的影响机制。通过对山东省、上海市多家企业317名人员的问卷调查,实证分析结果显示责任型领导显著正向影响员工绿色行为,道德反思在责任型领导与员工绿色行为之间起部分中介作用;同理心负向调节道德反思与员工绿色行为之间的关系,同理心越弱,道德反思对员工绿色行为的影响越显著;同理心还调节责任型领导通过道德反思影响员工绿色行为这一中介机制,同理心越弱,中介效应越显著。研究结果为责任型领导激发员工绿色行为提供了新的视角,对于增加组织的环保行为具有重要的现实意义。     

Exploring the knowledge spillovers of a technology in an entrepreneurial ecosystem—The case of artificial intelligence in Sydney

New knowledge presents opportunities for commercial value and can hence be a critical asset for entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs). In particular, general purpose technologies are major drivers of entrepreneurship. Thus, a nuanced understanding on technological knowledge and its spillovers among actors within an EE is warranted. Using knowledge‐spillover‐based strategic entrepreneurship theory, we propose to observe knowledge spillovers through the assessment of the knowledge bases of a technology in an EE. To do so, this article proposes to use three key sources of knowledge: publications reflecting the emerging knowledge base, patents representing the realized knowledge base, and startups showing the experimental knowledge base. This article uses secondary data sources such as Web of Science and applies the method of bibliometrics to illustrate how an assessment is carried out in practice by evaluating the artificial intelligence (AI) knowledge bases in Sydney from 2000 to 2018. The findings are summarized with an illustration of the evolution of the key actors and their activities over time in order to indicate the key strengths and weaknesses in Sydney's AI knowledge among the different bases. Contrary to expectations from the high potential of knowledge spillovers from a general purpose digital technology such as AI, the article shows that apparent knowledge spillovers are yet highly limited in Sydney. Even though Sydney has a strong emerging knowledge base, the realized knowledge base seems weak and the experimental knowledge base is slowly improving. That observation itself verifies the need to take strategic actions to facilitate knowledge spillovers within EEs. After the implications for theory and policy makers are discussed, suggestions for further studies are proposed.     

A new innovation paradigm: European cohesion policy and the retreat of public science in countries in Europe's scientific periphery

This article seeks to undertake a critical assessment of the changing position of public science in the entrepreneurial ecosystem of the countries on the periphery of European research. These countries are driven by new innovation paradigm based on entrepreneurship, which are implemented within the European Smart specialization strategy (S3). This article argues that S3 is widely implemented in the cohesion countries and, while it provides substantial resources for science, technology, and innovation, it fails to provide sustainability in the public research sector. This has direct implications for policies concerning innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystems. In order to prove the thesis, the article provides theoretical argumentation for emergence of a new innovation paradigm, driven by the rise of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, its incorporation into S3, and a consequent retreat of science policy in favor of entrepreneurial policy. The empirical analysis is focused on the funding trends seen in the business and public research sectors over the last decade (2008–2017), which have clearly shown that S3 has not contributed, despite expectations, to an increase in public expenditure for science. This signifies S3's neglect of public research within entrepreneurial ecosystems and challenges the ability of S3 to reduce wide disparities in research and innovation performance across the European Union. This ultimately endangers the innovation potential of the entrepreneurial ecosystem itself.     

Entrepreneurial ecosystems

International business fundamentally is about creating an ecosystem environment conducive to entrepreneurship. This means fostering actions and behavior that provide a systemic interaction with multiple entities. In this editorial for the special journal issue, the historical background and origins of the entrepreneurial ecosystem concept is discussed with the view to connected different strands of literature. This provides an optimal way to understand the way entrepreneurship develops through an ecosystem logic. The theoretical perspectives for understanding entrepreneurial ecosystems are discussed that lead to a discussion on each of the articles included in the special journal issue. Themes emerging from these articles are then stated that include a focus on value co‐creation, stakeholder collaboration and entrepreneurial networks. This enables a holistic way to understand the linkages international business has with entrepreneurial ecosystems.     

基于西方领导学视角下的权变理论

20世纪60年代以来,西方学者对权变理论进行大量的研究,在领导学的视角下对权变理论进行阐述分析,在对菲德勒的有效领导的权变模型、豪斯的路径-目标理论、赫西和布兰查德的情境领导理论的分析比较基础之上,进一步提出现代领导者在领导活动中应如何树立权变意识、掌握正确的领导方式.     

如何在校企合作中培养高职学生的创业素质

校企合作是高职院校人才培养的重要途径之一,提高人才培养质量是校企合作的根本目的。高职院校的创业教育在于培养学生的创业精神和综合素质,提高校企合作对创业教育实效性成为当前高职院校开展创业教育面临的课题。高职院校应建立校企合作长效机制,引进企业优势资源开发创业教育,深化校企合作,推动校外创新型实训基地建设,确实提高学生的创业素质,拓宽就业渠道。     

大健康产业视野下基于基地建设的医药创业人才培养模式研究

近年来“大中药”、“大健康”中医药产业化方面取得了卓越的成绩,为加速健康产业发展注入强心剂,也将对高等医药院校人才培养模式产生深刻影响。高等医药院校应借助国家大力发展健康服务业的契机,突破传统人才培养模式,结合校情,逐步完善跨专业、跨学科、研究与开发应用结合,产学研结合,校内外结合的创新创业复合型人才培养模式,输送求创新、能创业的医药高级人才,解决就业问题的同时,促进医药产业发展。     

我国农业企业区域创业环境的实证研究

论文从基本创业环境及特定创业环境两个维度设计了评价区域农业企业创业环境的指标体系,利用主成分分析方法对我国31个省（区、市）的农业企业创业环境进行了评价,并分彖部、东北部、中部和西部区域进行了深入分析。论文认为,区域农业企业综合创业环境与区域经济发展水平呈高度相关关系,即也呈现出东部、东北部、中部和西部的层级关系,各区域各具优势,不同区域应该根据自身特点对创业环境进行改善。     

基于链式中介效应的真实型领导对员工创新行为影响研究

基于社会认知理论和价值观理论,考察了真实型领导对员工创新行为的复杂影响机制。以374份企业员工数据为样本,通过层级回归分析和Bootstrap方法进行假设检验,研究结果表明：真实型领导对员工创新行为具有显著正向影响;不确定性规避和创新自我效能感在真实型领导与员工创新行为之间分别发挥部分中介作用,而且发挥了链式中介作用,即真实型领导通过降低不确定性规避程度影响员工的创新自我效能感,进而鼓励了员工的创新。