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731.
James A. Brander 《Journal of Business Ethics》2006,69(4):317-329
This paper divides firms in the Standard and Poor’s 500 (S&P 500) into two groups based on inclusion in or exclusion from the Domini Social Index (DSI). Inclusion in the DSI is interpreted as a positive indicator of ethical status. Using data for the 1992–2003 period, I provide evidence that chief executive officer (CEO) compensation, other executive compensation, and director compensation tend to be lower in DSI firms than in other firms in the S&P 500. This applies to the unconditional group averages (and medians) and is particularly striking given that DSI firms as a group had better financial performance than the other firms. This finding is also true in a regression framework that controls for other influences on compensation, including firm size and financial performance. In a regression context, the estimated discount for CEOs of DSI firms is approximately 12% for both current compensation (salary and bonuses) and total compensation (including the value of options). These results are consistent with the expectation that some senior executives require a “compensating differential” to accept positions in firms with less attractive ethical status. It is also consistent with the expectation that some firms with positive ethical status might use more restraint in setting executive compensation.James Brander is the Asia-Pacific Professor of International Business in the Sauder School of Business at the University of British Columbia. An economist, his research areas include international trade, industrial organization and finance. He is a former editor of the Canadian Journal of Economics and has published widely, including the textbook “Government Policy Toward Business”. 相似文献
732.
Tessa Hebb 《Journal of Business Ethics》2006,63(4):385-405
In the wake of recent corporate scandals, this paper traces the growing power of pension funds to provide managerial oversight
of the firms they hold in their investment portfolios. Increasingly pension funds are exercising their legitimate rights as
owners to raise the corporate governance standards of the firms they invest in. Within corporate governance generally, pension
funds are shifting their attention away from managerial accountability and toward measures that increase transparency in firm-level
decision-making. Pension funds use transparency to ensure that shareholders are the primary interest being served by the firm.
Transparency not only aligns managers and owners, it also raises issues of firm behaviour that allow other stakeholders to
engage the corporation more broadly. I contend that secrecy is economically inefficient. When organizations are opaque and
interests are secret, decision-making can and does distort efficiency. I examine recent pension fund corporate governance
campaigns with particular reference to the California Public Employees Retirement System.
Dr. Hebb is a senior research associate at the Labor and Worklife Program, Harvard University and the Oxford University Centre
for the Environment. She is researching the role of US public sector pension funds and urban revitalization as lead investigator
on a two-year Rockefeller and Ford Foundation grant. Her doctoral work at Oxford University examined the impact of pension
fund corporate engagement on the corporate governance, social and environmental standards of firm behaviour. She was a Clarendon
Scholar at Oxford University and was awarded the prestigious William E. Taylor Fellowship (2003) from the Social Sciences
and Humanities Research Council, Government of Canada. Dr. Hebb is also a recipient of the York University Schulich School
of Business National Research in Financial Services and Public Policy Scholarship (Canada). Dr. Hebb is also the Director
of the Capital Strategies Program at the Carleton Centre for Community Innovation (3ci), Carleton University, Canada. Here
her work focuses on the financial and non-financial impact of pension fund economically targeted investment in Canada as part
of a three-year SSHRC Initiatives in the New Economy grant. 相似文献
733.
This study examines factors impacting ethical behavior of 203 hospital employees in Midwestern and Northwestern United States. Ethical behavior of peers had the most significant impact on ethical behavior. Ethical behavior of successful managers, professional education in ethics and sex of the respondents also significantly impacted ethical behavior. Nurses were significantly more ethical than other employees. Race of the respondent did not impact ethical behavior. Overclaiming scales indicated that social desirability bias did not significantly impact the results of our study. Implications of this study for researchers and practitioners are discussed. 相似文献
734.
This paper draws from the fields of history, sociology, psychology, moral philosophy, and organizational theory to establish a theoretical connection between a social/organizational influence (ethical work climate) and an individual cognitive element of moral behavior (moral awareness). The research was designed to help to fill a gap in the existing literature by providing empirical evidence of the connection between organizational influences and individual moral awareness and subsequent ethical choices, which has heretofore largely been merely assumed. Results of the study provide evidence that ethical work climate (EWC) is a primary predictor of individual moral awareness, and that the influence of social factors often overrides the effects of individual differences in a work group setting. Implications for future research are provided. 相似文献
735.
Of recent time, there has been a proliferation of concerns with ethical leadership within corporate business not least because of the numerous scandals at Enron, Worldcom, Parmalat, and two major Irish banks – Allied Irish Bank (AIB) and National Irish Bank (NIB). These have not only threatened the position of many senior corporate managers but also the financial survival of some of the companies over which they preside. Some authors have attributed these scandals to the pre-eminence of a focus on increasing shareholder value in Western business schools and/or to their failure to inculcate ethical standards. In this paper, we challenge these accounts and the aetiological view of knowledge from which they derive but are grateful for the consensus that they convey regarding the importance of business ethics. The paper focuses on different approaches to ethical leadership concluding with a view that some hybrid of MacIntyre’s virtue ethics and Levinas’s ethics of responsibility may serve as an inspiration for both educators and practitioners.
Dr. David Knights is a Professor of Organisational Analysis in the School of Economic and Management Studies at Keele University. He previously held chairs in Manchester, Nottingham and Exeter Universities. He is a founding and continuing editor of the journal Gender, Work and Organisation and his most recent books include: Management Lives, Sage, 1999 (with H. Willmott) and Organization and Innovation, McGraw-Hill, 2003 (with D. McCabe).
Majella O’Leary is a Lecturer in Management at the University of Exeter. Her research interests include corporate scandals, ethical leadership, disaster sensemaking, and organizational storytelling. Majella’s most recent publications have appeared in Human Relations and European Journal of Business Ethics. 相似文献
736.
Aviva Geva 《Journal of Business Ethics》2006,69(2):133-147
This paper develops a typology of moral problems in business. The cross-classification of two fundamental dimensions of ethical conduct: judgment and motivation, is employed to distinguish four types of moral problems: genuine dilemmas, compliance problems, moral laxity, and no-problem problems. Actual cases are brought to illustrate each type of problem, and corresponding coping strategies are presented. The paper highlights the need to design a dynamic strategy that will take into account the relationships among different types of ethical problems. In its capacities as both an analytical tool for identifying and clarifying an ethical problem and a strategic tool for handling it, the typology has direct implications for developing ethical awareness, assigning accountability, and unfolding typical rationalizations in business activity.Aviva Geva is senior lecturer in the Open University of Israel, with a Ph.D. in Business Administration from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The author of two text books and a monograph (in Hebrew) relating to business ethics and consumer behavior, she has also published a number of articles on issues of attitude change and moral decision making in business. 相似文献
737.
Karen L. Benson Timothy J. Brailsford Jacquelyn E. Humphrey 《Journal of Business Ethics》2006,65(4):337-357
To date, research into socially responsible investment (SRI), and in particular the socially responsible investment funds
industry, has focused on whether investing in SRI assets has any differential impact on investor returns. Prior findings generally
suggest that, on a risk-adjusted basis, there is no difference in performance between SRI and conventional funds. This result
has led to questions about whether SRI funds are really any different from conventional funds. This paper examines whether
the portfolio allocation across industry sectors and the stock-picking ability of SRI managers are different when compared
to conventional fund managers. The study finds that SRI funds exhibit different industry betas consistent with different portfolio
positions, but that these differences vary from year to year. It is also found that there is little difference in stock-picking
ability between the two groups of fund managers. 相似文献
738.
José-Luis Fernández- Fernández 《Journal of Business Ethics》1999,22(3):233-247
In an open, unregulated and globalised economy, it is logical that the problem of corporate government not only occupy the time of academics, but also preoccupy both companies and the public administration. Corporate governance varies depending on several factors, such as the culture of a particular country, the economic situation and the organisational structures. Thus, there is no single recipe which can be applied automatically and is universally valid in all contexts. However, it is possible to propose some general principles which have duly stood the test of experience and are recognised as providing valuable guidance for efficient corporate governance.The aim of this article is to present the Spanish "Olivencia Report", which is an attempt to draft an "ethical code" containing a number of practices and principles, which, if they were to be applied, could improve the governance of the larger Spanish companies listed on the Stock Market.The pages which follow narrate the story of the making of the report, and highlight those features which distinguish this report from other analogous reports published in other countries, and which inspired the Olivencia Report. These reports, which include the "Cadbury Report", the "Viénot Report" and the "Peters Report" among others will also be dealt with. Once the more outstanding aspects of the Spanish report have been highlighted, the article closes with a brief concluding section, which goes beyond the case in question and stresses the relationship between ethics, corporate governance and the mission of the enterprise. This focus is of some importance as the literature on corporate governance rarely brings the ethical problem to the fore. 相似文献
739.
Consumer ethics is a growing area of research that focused almost exclusively on consumers in the United States and, to a lesser degree, Europe and Asia. In this paper, we introduce an African element to the consumer ethics discourse by drawing on survey responses from over 300 Ghanaian consumers to explore their ethical beliefs and judgements. We analysed these data using regression techniques. Our findings show that Ghanaian consumers exhibit lower levels of ethics compared with their America counterparts, especially when the unethical actions facilitate the achievement of their goals. While Ghanaian consumers recognize the value of moral rules, they are prone to suspending their ethical positions as they deem necessary in a particular context. Implications for marketing strategy and future research are discussed. 相似文献
740.
Anusorn Singhapakdi Mahesh Gopinath Janet K. Marta Larry L. Carter 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,81(4):887-904
Building on an existing framework concerning ethical intention, this research explores how Thai business people perceive the
importance of ethics in various scenarios. This study investigates the relative influences of personal characteristics and
the organizational environment underlying the Thai business people’s ethical perception. Corporate ethical values and idealism
are shown to positively influence a Thai manager’s perceptions about the importance of ethics. While their ability to perceive
the existence of an ethical problem is negatively influenced by relativism, it is positively impacted by their existing perceptions
about the importance of ethics. Results also suggest positive relationships between perceived importance of ethics and perceived
ethical problems with ethical intention. These results extend research in understanding the relationship between the antecedents
and consequences of perceived importance of ethics within an economically growing non-Western culture. 相似文献